A Novel Loss Evaluation Method for Differential Transmission Lines
2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRON DEVICES AND SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS (EDSSC)
Authors: Chen, Ping; Mo, Wei; Liu, Yi
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel loss evaluating method considering coupling effects based on a parallel RLC differential transmission line (DTL) model in nanometer CMOS process. Through extracting the coupling parasitical parameters, the decoupling partial differential equations of transmission lines are established, thus a loss evaluating expression is proposed. The analytical method enables the estimation of the loss within 6.48% average error compared with measured results in 180nm CMOS process and 5.20% average error compared with HFSS simulation in 65nm CMOS process.
Operational and Safety Analysis of Signage and Pavement Marking Treatments in Puerto Rico Dynamic Toll Lane Using a Driving Simulator
ADVANCES IN HUMAN ASPECTS OF TRANSPORTATION
Authors: Ruiz, Bryan; Valdes, Didier; Colucci, Benjamin; Ruiz, Johnathan; Garcia, Ricardo; Colon, Enid
Abstract
The Puerto Rico Dynamic Toll Lane (DTL) is a managed lane system for light traffic that combines congestion pricing, reversible lanes and a Bus Rapid Transit system within the median of freeway PR-22. This research aims to evaluate if modified signage and the addition of in-lane pavement markings could help improve operational and safety aspects of the DTL using the UPRM driving simulator. The performance measures used to evaluate driving behavior were vehicle average position, average speed and acceleration noise, which has been used as a surrogate measure to evaluate safety. A total of four virtual scenarios were studied using time of day and traffic flow as independent variables to evaluate two configurations: existing conditions (Configuration 1) and proposed conditions using modified signs and pavement marking treatments (Configuration 2). However, results of the study indicates that there were no significant differences between configurations for the performance measurements evaluated.