Anti-DLST monoclonal antibody, clone FQS24420(C)

Background. Empirical antibiotic therapy for nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) and cervicitis is aimed at Chlamydia trachomatis, but Mycoplasma genitalium, which also commonly causes undiagnosed NGU, necessitates treatment with macrolides or fluoroquinolones rather than doxycycline, the preferred chlamydia treatment. Prevalence of M. genitalium and associated genotypic markers of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance among men symptomatic of urethritis were investigated. Genetic diversity of M. genitalium populations was determined to infer whether findings were applicable beyond our setting. Methods. Mycoplasma genitalium and other NGU pathogens were detected using nucleic acid amplification methods, and DNA sequencing was used to detect genotypic resistance markers of macrolide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in 23S ribosomal RNA, gyrA, gyrB, and parC genes. MG191 single-nucleotide polymorphism typing and MG309 variable number tandem analysis were combined to assign a dual locus sequence type (DLST) to each positive sample. Results. Among 217 men, M. genitalium prevalence was 16.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.5%-24.0%) and C. trachomatis prevalence was 14.7% (95% CI, 7.8%-21.6%) in NGU cases. Nine of 22 (41%; 95% CI, 20%-62%) patients with M. genitalium were infected with DLSTs possessing genotypic macrolide resistance and 1 patient was infected with a DLST having genotypic fluoroquinolone resistance. Typing assigned M. genitalium DLSTs to 2 major clusters, broadly distributed among previously typed international strains. Genotypic macrolide resistance was spread within these 2 clusters. Conclusions. Mycoplasma genitalium is a frequent undiagnosed cause of NGU in this population with rates of macrolide resistance higher than those previously documented. Current guidelines for routine testing and empirical treatment of NGU should be modified to reduce treatment failure of NGU and the development of further resistance.

This paper describes the results of Chiari osteotomy (CO) with simultaneous intertrochanteric osteotomy (IO) in dogs affected by bilateral hip dysplasia, score grade D. The dogs classified for the study were subjected to the following tests before and after surgery: abduction-external rotation test, hip extension test, dorso-lateral subluxation test (DLST), stand test, Ortolani sign, Barlow sign, measurements of the angle of flexion, angle of extension, angle of abduction, angle of adduction, and radiographic examinations determining the score grade for canine hip dysplasia in accordance with the scoring system recommended by the Federation Cynologique Internationale. The test which most accurately reflected the post-operative improvement in patients was DLST where the negative response increased by 73% after CO and IO procedures. Changes in angle of inclination (AI) values were correlated with an improvement in hip functioning as a result of the administered treatment. The simultaneous application of CO and IO in dogs affected by hip dysplasia resulted in greater improvement of limb functioning in comparison with conventional IO.