Derlin 1 is a channel-like protein found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It is specifically required for the degradation of misfolded ER luminal proteins. Derlin 1 participates in the transfer of misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytosol, where they are destroyed by the proteasome in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. It may act by forming a channel that allows the retrotranslocation of misfolded proteins into the cytosol and then transferring them to the ATPase VCP complex, which translocates and ubiquitinates misfolded proteins. In the case of infection by cytomegaloviruses, derlin 1 plays a central role in export from the ER and subsequent degradation of MHC class I heavy chains via its interaction with US11 viral protein, which recognizes and associates with MHC class I heavy chains. Derlin 1 also participates in the degradation of misfolded cytomegalovirus US2 protein.
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