Anti-Chicken IgY polyclonal antibody

Two experiments were conducted to compare the immunocompetence of Cobb high performance and rustic Label Rouge broilers and the influence of reduced growth rates subsequent to feed restriction on the IgY anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) response. In the first experiment (EXP), 360 broilers were assigned to 36 cages from 1 to 42 days of age. A completely randomized design was applied in a 3 2 factorial arrangement, with 3 groups (Label Rouge, Cobb ad libitum, and Cobb Restricted Intake), and 2 levels of energy (3,100 and 2,800kcal/kg); there were 6 replicates per treatment. In the second EXP, 384 Cobb 500 male broilers were randomly assigned to the following feed restriction programs from day 8 to 16: Control, fed ad libitum; Quantitative (80% of the control amount); By Time (fed for 8 h/d), and Qualitative (80% limiting nutrients) restriction. Blood samples were collected on days 35 and 42 (EXP 1) and weekly from day 7 to 42 (EXP 2) for IgY anti-BSA quantification. In EXP 1, the production of IgY anti-BSA was lower in the Cobb groups (P < 0.0001) than in the Label Rouge group, and higher in the Cobb Restricted Intake group (P < 0.0001) compared with the same genetic strain fed ad libitum. Birds fed the low energy diet presented lower (P 0.06) IgY anti-BSA, independent of genetics. In EXP 2, no difference (P > 0.05) was observed 1 wk after the first BSA inoculation. However, at day 28, birds in all feed restriction programs had higher (P < 0.05) IgY anti-BSA than the Control group fed ad libitum. At day 35, the greatest residual effect of IgY anti-BSA was observed in the Quantitative restriction group. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed between groups after 42 d. The 3 early feed restriction programs had beneficial effects on the humoral immune response. Overall, Quantitative restriction promoted a longer lasting IgY anti-BSA response. Lower growth rate, due to feed restriction or genetic potential, improves humoral immunity in broiler chickens.

A notable part of the diverse opus of Avgust Pavel is also literary creation. In addition to being a scholar who studied and described the language with the use of scientific principles, his creative personality hid a developing poet who experimented with the expressive and aesthetic potential of language. The poet in him spoke loudest in the third and fifth decade of Pavel's life. In the period of 1907-1917, a Prekmurje magazine published poems in Prekmurian and Hungarian. In 1933, his Hungarian poetry collection Vak Volgy Olena igy zsolozsmazok (I sing the psalms in the arms of a blind valley) was published, followed by the collection Felgyujtott Erdo (Zazgani gozd/Burnt wood) in 1936. In this paper we present Pavel's poetry in the Prekmurje dialect, which is recorded in terms of literary and thematic motifs in the context of older Prekmurje poetry, but has not yet been subject to comprehensive scientific description. Avgust Pavel joined the Prekmurje Catholic religious-cultural circle as a literary colleague, which published poems in the Prekmurje language in its periodicals: Calendar of the Hearts of Jesus (1904-1944), religious monthly St. Mary's Journal (1904-1941) and the weekly Novine (1904-1941). Aside from the poetry of Joseph Basha Miroslav, Pavel's poems represent the literary-aesthetic peak of older, pre-1919 Prekmurje poetry. Pavel's poetic lyricism stems from his personal existential experiences and reflections, while at the same time ingrown in the Prekmurje environment, so that poems about family and community are intertwined with life reflections of poetic meditations. Although many of his poems reference actual persons and events, Pavel's poetry is not adventure poetry, but rather full of experience-based and thoughtful expression of his subjectivity. Considering the addressees and their literary horizon, Avgust Pavel chose traditional poetic images and forms as his lyrical medium. The verse-rhythm organization of poems is based on the principles of accent-based and syllable-accent versification, thus participating in the syllable priming process of the old syllable-based verse which we encounter in Prekmurje poetry as late as the second half of the 19th century. With regard to his profession, Avgust Pavel's predominant poetic voice is the author-scholar, a type which differs from the typical author-priest that dominated older Prekmurje literature.