Anti-CR2 monoclonal antibody, clone DD32 [PE]

Wavelength comparisons have indicated that circadian phase-shifting and enhancement of subjective and EEG correlates of alertness have a higher sensitivity to short wavelength visible light. The aim of the current study was to test whether polychromatic light enriched in the blue portion of the spectrum (17,000 K) has increased efficacy for melatonin suppression, circadian phase-shifting, and alertness as compared to an equal photon density exposure to a standard white polychromatic light (4000 K). Twenty healthy participants were studied in a time-free environment for 7 days. The protocol included two baseline days followed by a 26-h constant routine (CR1) to assess initial circadian phase. Following CR1, participants were exposed to a full-field fluorescent light (1 x 10(14) photons/cm(2)/s, 4000 K or 17,000 K, n = 10/condition) for 6.5 h during the biological night. Following an 8 h recovery sleep, a second 30-h CR was performed. Melatonin suppression was assessed from the difference during the light exposure and the corresponding clock time 24 h earlier during CR1. Phase-shifts were calculated from the clock time difference in dim light melatonin onset time (DLMO) between CR1 and CR2. Blue-enriched light caused significantly greater suppression of melatonin than standard light ((mean +/- SD) 70.9 +/- 19.6% and 42.8 +/- 29.1%, respectively, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the magnitude of phase delay shifts. Blue-enriched light significantly improved subjective alertness (p < 0.05) but no differences were found for objective alertness. These data contribute to the optimization of the short wavelength enriched spectra and intensities needed for circadian, neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral regulation.

ZnSe is an important semiconductor material of II-VI group. It exhibits a zinc Mende (ZB) structure at room temperature and pressure, and the phase transition into a rock salt (RS) structure occurs under high pressure. Doping transition metal ions (TM2+) into the ZnSe crystal can effectively produce laser gain media and photoelectric materials in the mid-infrared region, which exhibit important research significance. This study mainly deals with the effect of high pressure on the properties of the Cr2+-doped ZnSe semiconductors. Further, the effect of dopant (Cr2+) on the phase transition pressure of ZnSe and the changes of electronic structures, optical properties, and mechanical properties of ZnSe and Cr2+:ZnSe arc calculated under high pressure using the first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory. The introduction of the dopant (Cr2+) reduces the phase transition pressure of ZnSe from 'LB structure to RS structure, and this trend continues with a further increase in the doping concentration. The electronic structures and optical properties of ZnSe and Cr2+ :ZnSc arc evaluated under high pressure, and ZnSe is found to shift from exhibiting semiconductor properties to exhibiting metal properties under high pressure. The calculated elastic constants of the crystals satisfy the stability conditions under both ambient and high pressure. Meanwhile, the large bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young' s modulus of the crystal under high pressure indicate that the RS structure exhibits considerable hardness and stability and is remarkably resistant to deformation under external influences.