Anti-CIR1 PAb

In this paper, we study a generalised CIR process with externally-exciting and self-exciting jumps, and focus on the distributional properties and applications of this process and its aggregated process. The aim of the paper is to introduce a more general process that includes many models in the literature with self-exciting and external-exciting jumps. The first and second moments of this jump-diffusion process are used to calculate the insurance premium based on mean-variance principle. The Laplace transform of aggregated process is derived, and this leads to an application for pricing default-free bonds which could capture the impacts of both exogenous and endogenous shocks. Illustrative numerical examples and comparisons with other models are also provided.

Purpose The present study compared three different intensity elbow flexor eccentric exercises resulting in the same magnitude of maximal voluntary isomeric contraction torque (MVC) decrease at 1 day post-exercise for changes in several indirect markers of muscle damage and proprioception. Methods Sedentary young men performed eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors using a dumbbell corresponding to either 10%, 50% or 100% of MVC to induce ~ 20% decrease in MVC at 1 day post-exercise (n = 12/group). MVC, range of motion (ROM), upper arm circumference (CIR), muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, and proprioception measures (force match, joint position sense) were taken before to 5 days after exercise, and the changes were compared among the groups. Results MVC and ROM recovered faster (P < 0.05) in the order of 10% (e.g., 3 days post-exercise: - 3 +/- 4%, 0 +/- 1%), 50% (- 12 +/- 3%, - 3 +/- 2%) and 100% group (- 16 +/- 4%, - 5 +/- 1%). Peak CIR, muscle soreness and CK activity were smaller for 10% (Delta 3 +/- 1 mm, 26 +/- 10 mm, 1049 +/- 316 IU/L) than 50% (Delta 6 +/- 2 mm, 36 +/- 14 mm, 1473 +/- 429 IU/L) and 100% groups (Delta 8 +/- 2 mm, 47 +/- 15 mm, 2104 +/- 929 IU/L). The proprioception measures recovered faster (P < 0.05) for 10% followed by 50% then 100% group. The recovery rate of MVC from immediately to 1 day post-exercise was correlated (P < 0.05) with the changes in the muscle damage and proprioception markers. Conclusion These results suggest that the MVC at 1 day post-exercise does not necessarily predict the changes in muscle damage markers in the following days, but the MVC recovery rate in the first 24 h reflects the magnitude of muscle damage better.