Anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody, clone OX-97 [Biotin]

Beta-Glucans are commonly used health supplements for humans and animals. They represent a promising avenue to help combat many widespread health concerns including intestinal upset and inflammation. These beneficial effects may be different from species to species and between different cell types and therefore it is important to examine the mechanisms in any species or cell type for which this supplement may be used in. In this study we have shown that pure Beta-Glucans and the less processed yeast cell wall extracts significantly enhance cell migration in a porcine intestinal cell model, potentially through activation of the ELK1 pathway. The expression of migration-related genes was also seen to be significantly increased in response to Beta-Glucan treatment. Our data suggests that Beta-Glucans activate the CD22 receptor in the pig intestine, which has the potential to reduce inflammation. Overall, we found a novel mechanism through which Beta-Glucans exert their effects in the pig intestinal cell model.

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is an emerging immunotherapy technique that restricts tumor growth and invasion in cancer patients. Among the different types of ACT, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)T-cell therapy is considered to be the most advanced and a potentially powerful technique for the treatment of cancer in clinical trials. The primary aim of CART-cell therapy is to destroy cancer cells and therefore, it serves an important role in tumor immunotherapy. CART-cell therapy has been demonstrated to mainly treat blood cancer by targeting cluster of differentiation (CD)-19, CD20, CD22, CD33 and CD123. However, the use of CART-cell therapy for treating solid tumors is currently under extensive investigation. With respect to prostate cancer, prostatic acid phosphatase, prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), prostate stem cell antigen, T-cell receptor alternate reading frame protein, transient receptor potential-p8 and six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 are among the identified target antigens for prostate tumors. However, mesothelin, fibroblast activation protein, epidermal growth factor receptor, carcinoembryonic antigen, disialoganglioside-2 and human epidermal growth factor 2 are among the main targets of CART-cell therapy in the case of other types of solid tumors. The main challenges in CART-cell therapy are the selection of the target antigens and the modulation of the ideal tumor microenvironment for T-cells to fight against the cancer. The present review focuses on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th generations of anti-PSMA CARs and their application for combating prostate carcinoma.