Anti-CCL25 polyclonal antibody [Biotin]

Gut-homing gamma delta T cells are induced by chemokines and cell adhesion molecules and play a critical role in homeostasis and mucosal immunity; however, little is known regarding their upstream regulators. We investigated the role of Axl as a specific regulator of chemokines and cell adhesion molecule in the distribution of intestinal gamma delta T cells. The population of gamma delta T-cell receptor-positive cells including V gamma 1 and V gamma 7 subsets was remarkably increased in the intraepithelial lymphocytes of Axl(-/-) mice compared with those of wild-type (WT) mice. An increased number of migrated gamma delta T cells were observed in the coculture with intraepithelial cells from Axl(-/-) mice. The mRNA expression level of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 25 was specifically higher in the small intestine of Axl(-/-) mice than in WT mice. In adoptive transfer, the migration of both thymic and extrathymic gamma delta T cells was increased in Axl(-/-) mice. The activation of Axl signaling down-regulated CCL25 expression via ERK signaling pathway and reduced the population of gamma delta T cells. Systemic dissemination was suppressed in Axl(-/-) mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Thus, our findings suggest that Axl plays a critical role in regulating the migration of gamma delta T cells for the maintenance of homeostasis and bacterial resistance.

Menard D, Tremblay E, Ferretti E, Babakissa C, Perron N, Seidman EG, Levy E, Beaulieu JF. Anti-inflammatory effects of epidermal growth factor on the immature human intestine. Physiol Genomics 44: 268-280, 2012. First published January 3, 2012; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00101.2011.-The inflammatory response of the preterm infants' intestine underlines its inability to respond to hemodynamic stress, microbes, and nutrients. Recent evidence suggests that exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) exerts a therapeutic influence on neonatal enteropathies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of EGF remain to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of EGF on the gene expression profiles of the developing human small and large intestine at midgestation in serum-free organ cultures using microarrays. The gene expression profiles of cultured human fetal ileal and colonic explants were investigated in the absence or presence of a physiological concentration of 50 ng/ml EGF for 48 h. Data were analyzed with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software and confirmed by qPCR. We found a total of 6,474 differentially expressed genes in the two segments in response to EGF. IPA functional analysis revealed that in addition to differentially modulating distinct cellular, molecular, and physiological functions in the small and large intestine, EGF regulated the inflammatory response in both intestinal segments in a distinct manner. For instance, several intestinal-derived chemokines such as CCL2, CCL25, CXCL5, and CXCL10 were found to be differentially regulated by EGF in the immature ileum and colon. The findings showing the anti-inflammatory influence of exogenous EGF suggests a mechanistic basis for the beneficial effects of EGF on neonatal enteropathies. These results reinforce growing evidence that by midgestation, the human small intestine and colon rely on specific and distinct regulatory pathways.