Whole-genome sequencing reveals the mutational landscape of metastatic small-cell gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-SCNEC)
CANCER LETTERS
Authors: Li, Maolan; Liu, Fatao; Zhang, Yijian; Wu, Xiangsong; Wu, Wenguang; Wang, Xu-An; Zhao, Shuai; Liu, Shibo; Liang, Haibin; Zhang, Fei; Ma, Qiang; Xiang, Shanshan; Li, Huaifeng; Jiang, Lin; Hu, Yunping; Gong, Wei; Zhang, Yun; Ma, Tieliang; Zhang, Kai; Liu, Yun; Liu, Yingbin
Abstract
Small-cell gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-SCNEC) is a relatively rare histological type of gallbladder cancer, and the genomic landscape of GB-SCNEC is rarely considered in treatment decisions. We performed whole-genome sequencing on an advanced case of GB-SCNEC. We identified approximately 900 high-quality somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions and deletions (INDELs), 109 of which were shared by both the primary and metastatic tumor tissues. Somatic non-synonymous coding variations with damaging impact in HMCN1 and CDH10 were observed in both the primary and metastatic tissue specimens. A pathway analysis of the genes mapped to the SNVs and INDELs revealed gene enrichment associated with axon guidance, ERBB signaling et al. Furthermore, we identified 11 deletions, 4 tandem duplications and 5 inversions that mapped to known genes. Two gene fusions, NCAM2-SGCZ and BTG3-CCDC40 were also discovered and validated by Sanger sequencing. Additionally, we identified genome-wide copy number variations and microsatellite instability. In this study, we identified novel biological markers of GB-SCNEC that may serve as valuable prognostic factors or indicators of treatment response in patients with GB-SCNEC with lymphatic metastasis. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Carrier frequencies of eleven mutations in eight genes associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia in the Ashkenazi Jewish population
MOLECULAR GENETICS & GENOMIC MEDICINE
Authors: Fedick, Anastasia M.; Jalas, Chaim; Treff, Nathan R.; Knowles, Michael R.; Zariwala, Maimoona A.
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous, autosomal recessive disorder that results from functional and ultrastructural abnormalities of motile cilia. Patients with PCD have diverse clinical phenotypes that include chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections, situs inversus, heterotaxy with or without congenital heart disease, and male infertility, among others. In this report, the carrier frequencies for eleven mutations in eight PCD-associated genes (DNAI1, DNAI2, DNAH5, DNAH11, CCDC114, CCDC40, CCDC65, and C21orf59) that had been found in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent were investigated in order to advise on including them in existing clinical mutation panels for this population. Results showed relatively high carrier frequencies for the DNAH5 c. 7502G> C mutation (0.58%), the DNAI2 c. 1304G> A mutation (0.50%), and the C21orf59 c. 735C> G mutation (0.48%), as well as lower frequencies for mutations in DNAI1, CCDC65, CCDC114, and DNAH11 (0.100.29%). These results suggest that several of these genes should be considered for inclusion in carrier screening panels in the Ashkenazi Jewish population.