Anti-T. forsythia Monoclonal antibody

Our mouths harbour a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, Tannerella forsythia. It's one of the most common periodontal disorders. There are several virulence factors and host-initiating mechanisms for this bacteria. It doesn't get energy from digestion of carbs, unlike most bacteria; it gets its energy from the production of peptides. It thrives under the right kind of nutrition, and grows best in anaerobic conditions. This bacteria can make multiple enzymes (proteases and glycosidases), which are important for its pathogenicity. For instance, the PrtH protease can degrade host proteins and may facilitate bacterial adhesion and invasion. T. forsythia often coexists with other oral pathogens, and this symbiotic relationship may enhance its virulence. More severe clinical signs were observed when co-infected with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. The interactions of these bacteria not only aid each other's growth, but can likewise make the host hyper-inflammatory via synergy.

The pathogenic mechanisms of T. forsythia are primarily realized through several means. Proteases from this bacteria destroy collagen in the host and other key tissue structures, and destroy gum and periodontal tissues. This harm is not just directly oral, but can lead to systemic inflammatory response. Additionally, T. forsythia possesses glycosidase activities, such as SiaHI and NanH glycosidases, which can break down carbohydrate components in host tissues, compromising the integrity of periodontal tissues and promoting bacterial adhesion and colonization. Furthermore, surface structures of T. forsythia, help the bacteria evade attacks from the host immune system. These structures enhance its pathogenicity by suppressing T cell responses and inducing the release of inflammatory mediators.

Figure 1. Glycobiology underpins the pathogenicity of the oral bacterium Tannerella forsythia
(Source: Bloch S, et al. 2019)

T forsythia is closely associated with oral pathologies such as gingivitis, periodontitis and active periodontitis. There has also been a relationship between T. forsythia and systemic conditions including cardiovascular disease and cancers (e.g., esophageal cancer). These associations may be related to the chronic inflammatory state it induces. Preventing T. forsythia infections hinges on maintaining good oral hygiene practices, which include regulating brushing and flossing to reduce plaque formation; routine dental check-ups and professional cleanings to detect and address potential issues early; managing systemic diseases (such as diabetes) to lower the risk of infection. Treatment for already occurring infections consists mainly of antibiotics, minor clean-up and surgery if necessary. Combined antimicrobial treatment is proven to lower levels of T forsythia and, as a result, can improve the patients' oral health.

Anti-Tannerella forsythia Monoclonal antibody