Intracapsular embryogenesis and larval development of Chicoreus ramosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Dendropoma platypus (Morch, 1861) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) under normal and treated conditions
EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF AQUATIC RESEARCH
Authors: Gaber, Ibrahim; Luisetto, Mauro; Latyshev, Oleg
Abstract
Samples of C. ramosus and D. platypus were collected from Hurgada, the Red Sea during June-August 2018. Samples were transported to the lab at the University of Alexandria, Egypt. This study aims to describe the embryogenesis of C. ramosus inside the capsules and test the effects of signaling factors and neurotransmitters on the in vitro transformation of larvae of D. platypus and identify some bioactive inducers that increase larval metamorphosis. Capsules of C. ramosus were fixed in 10% saline formaldehyde and capsules of D. platypus were placed in plastic aquaria for immune-histochemical test. The sequence of the embryonic transformations and the duration time of each step of C. ramosus were identified. The importance of the following experiment is to provide a suitable medium for the developing larval stages and improve eugenic manner of the new generations. Undertreated conditions of D. platypus larvae, MF 2.5 mM, C8:0 1 mu M, ADMA 2.5 mM, and Acetylcholine 0.5 mM larval transformation from trochophore to veliger to early juvenile stages was accelerated than larvae of control in seawater. Serotonin 10 mu g/ml and Acetylcholine 1 mM exerted a negative effect while C8:0 0.1 or 10 mu M, MF 300 mu M, ADMA 1 mM and 1.5 mM did not affect larval transformation. Atorvastatin (5, 20 and 40 mg), Pravastatin (50 mg and 100 mg), Cetirizine hydrochloride (10 mg), Nebivolol (2.5 mg, 5 mg. and 10 mg), Atenolol (25 mg and 100 mg) and Amlodipine Besylate (2.5 mg, 5.0 mg, and 10 mg) exerted a negative impact on larvae in all stages and mortality predominated. (C) 2020 National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries. Hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Synthesis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and in vitro biological evaluation of sodium, cobalt, and tin complexes of o-nitro-/o-methoxyphenylacetic acid: experimental and theoretical investigation
MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE
Authors: Danish, Muhammad; Raza, Muhammad Asam; Iftikhar, Sana; Mumtaz, Muhammad Waseem; Tahir, Muhammad Nawaz; Rashid, Umer; Ayub, Khurshid
Abstract
Four new metal carboxylates with o-nitro- and o-methoxyphenylacetic acid were synthesized and well characterized using single-crystal XRD. The synthesized complexes were evaluated for their biological potentials (antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition) according to reported methods. Four bacterial and two fungal strains were targeted in this study and it was concluded that the synthesized compounds showed activities comparable to standard drugs. Co complex of nitro and tin complex of methoxy substituent are more active against bacterial as well as fungal strains. Enzyme inhibition activity of the synthesized compound was evaluated against acetylcholine esterase, butyrylcholine esterase, and trypsin. The maximum activity was depicted by Co complex of nitro, while all other tested compounds had moderate to good activity. DFT calculations were performed to gain further insight into the spectral properties. Docking model was also used to check the interaction of most active compound on the active site of the enzyme. All theoretical parameters supported the practical calculation and our findings that such compounds may be the best molecules in the near future against infectious as well as Alzheimer disease.