Anti-AEN monoclonal antibody Made to order

The vortex structure of the "npe" phase of neutron stars with a (3)P(2) superfluid neutron condensate of Cooper pairs is discussed. It is shown that, as the star rotates, superfluid neutron vortex filaments described by a unitary ordering parameter develop in the "npe" phase. The entrainment of superconducting protons by the rotating superfluid neutrons is examined. The entrainment effect leads to the appearance of clusters of proton vortices around each neutron vortex and generates a magnetic field on the order of 10(12) G. (3)P(2) neutron vortex filaments combine with quark semi-superfluid vortex filaments at the boundary of the "npe" and "CFL" phases. At the boundary of the "Aen" and "npe" phases, they combine with (1)S(0) neutron vortex filaments. In this way, a unified vortex structure is formed. The existence of this structure and its collective elastic oscillations explain the observed oscillations in the angular rotation velocity of pulsars.

We investigate how ligand substitution affects the intramolecular spin exchange interactions, studying a prototypical family of single-molecule magnets comprising dodecanuclear cluster molecules [(Mn8Mn4O12)-Mn-III-O-IV(COOR)(16)]. We identify a simple scheme based on accumulated Pauling electronegativity numbers (AEN) of the carboxylate ligand groups (R). The redistribution of the electron density, controlled by the AEN of a ligand, changes the degree of hybridization between 3d electrons of manganese and 2p electrons of oxygen atoms, thus changing the exchange interactions. This scheme, despite its conceptual simplicity, provides a strong correlation with the exchange energies associated with carboxylate bridges and is confirmed by the electronic structure calculations taking into account the Coulomb correlations in magnetic molecules.