Anti-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Monoclonal Antibody
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We offer a wide range of key antibodies and antigens for Thyroid Markers related research and diseases, including TSH, Thyroglobulin, T4, and T3.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), also known as thyrotropin, is a peptide hormone synthesized and secreted by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland, which regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid gland. When TSH concentrations are increased, the thyroid will make and release inappropriate amounts of T4 and T3 and the patient may experience symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism. If there is decreased production of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism), the patient may experience symptoms such as weight gain, dry skin, constipation, cold intolerance, and fatigue. Thyroid hormone levels may also be altered by a variety of thyroid diseases regardless of the amount of TSH present in the blood.
Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a glycoprotein homodimer produced predominantly by the thryroid gland. It acts as a substrate for the synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine as well as the storage of the inactive forms of thyroid hormone and iodine. Thyroglobulin is produced all healthy individuals, and normally its concentration in blood is very low. Thyroglobulin concentration increases in both benign (Graves disease, subacute thyroiditis, Hashimoto thyroiditis) and malignant conditions (thyroid adenoma, thyroid papillary and follicular cancer). Therefore, it is on one hand a non-specific indicator of a thyroid dysfunction and, on the other hand, a tumor marker that can be used to monitor patients with thyroid papillary and follicular cancer after diagnosis.
Triiodothyronine (T3) is one of two major hormones produced by the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped organ that lies flat across the windpipe at the base of the throat. The concentration of free T3 in the blood depends on the concentrations of total T3 and the thyroid hormone binding proteins, TBG, TBPA, and albumin. Free T3 is not suitable for diagnosing hypothyroidism as some hypothyroid patients have reduced free T4 and elevated TSH, but a normal free T3. However, clinical studies have shown that free T3 is a better indicator of hyperthyroidism than total T3, as it is independent of thyroid hormone binding protein concentrations.
Thyroxine (T4) is one of two major hormones produced by the thyroid gland. The other major thyroid hormone is called triiodothyronine (T3) and together they help control the rate at which the body uses energy. Free T4 is important in the investigation of all patients suspected of thyroid disorders and can be of use in monitoring patients undergoing treatment. In most cases, free T4 is increased in hyperthyroidism and decreased in hypothyroidism.
The most common causes of thyroid dysfunction are related to autoimmune disorders. Graves disease causes hyperthyroidism and Hashimoto thyroiditis causes hypothyroidism. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can also be caused by thyroiditis, thyroid cancer, and excessive or deficient production of TSH.
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