S100A14

S100A14 Full Name

S100 calcium binding protein A14

S100A14 Introduction

S100A14 is a member of the S100 calcium-binding protein family that displays an atypical, extended C-terminal tail and unusual divalent-cation-binding properties compared with its close relatives. The protein is most highly expressed in stratified squamous epithelia and in a wide range of epithelial tumors, where its levels often correlate with tumor aggressiveness. S100A14 maps to the S100 gene cluster on chromosome 1q21, and its transcription is dynamically regulated by retinoic acid, p53, and inflammatory cytokines.

Figure 1. The structure of S100A14.

Calcium-Dependent Regulation of Cell Motility and Survival
S100A14 forms homo- and heterodimers with itself and with S100A4, and it binds intracellular calcium and zinc with moderate affinity. On Ca(II) binding, S100A14 exposes hydrophobic surfaces that mediate interaction with membrane-associated effectors, including the receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) and components of the cytoskeleton. Through these interactions, S100A14 promotes cell migration, modulates cell–matrix adhesion, and influences the balance between survival and apoptosis in stress conditions. It also participates in the regulation of store-operated calcium entry, providing feedback to calcium signaling pathways that drive cell motility.

Epithelial Tumor Progression and Prognosis
Elevated S100A14 expression has been reported in esophageal, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers, often correlating with lymph-node metastasis and reduced patient survival. Functional studies in cell lines suggest that S100A14 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition through cooperation with S100A4 and by activating the RAGE receptor and downstream NF-κB signaling. Loss of S100A14 in some tumor types, conversely, has been linked to better prognosis, indicating context-dependent roles. S100A14 is being evaluated as a tissue biomarker and, given its extracellular release, as a candidate serum marker for tumor burden.

Alternate Names for S100A14

S100 calcium binding protein A14; OTTHUMP00000032965; S100A15; OTTHUMP00000032966; BCMP84; breast cancer membrane protein 84; S114; protein S100-A14; S100 calcium-binding protein A14; OTTHUMP00000032964