ITGA8

ITGA8 Full Name

integrin, alpha 8

ITGA8 Introduction

The ITGA8 gene encodes the integrin alpha-8 subunit, a transmembrane receptor protein that plays a critical role in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Integrins are heterodimeric complexes composed of alpha and beta subunits, and ITGA8 specifically pairs with the beta-1 subunit to form the α8β1 integrin. This receptor is predominantly expressed in mesenchymal and neuronal tissues, where it mediates adhesion to fibronectin, vitronectin, and other matrix proteins. Its expression pattern suggests fundamental involvement in developmental morphogenesis, tissue repair, and organ homeostasis. Dysregulation of ITGA8 has been linked to various pathological conditions, including fibrosis, cancer, and kidney disease.

Figure 1. Integrin alpha-8 (itga8) gene & protein function.

Structural Features and Binding Partners
The ITGA8 protein contains several conserved domains, including a large extracellular N-terminal region with seven FG-GAP repeats, a transmembrane helix, and a short cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular domain is responsible for ligand recognition, while the cytoplasmic tail interacts with intracellular signaling molecules such as talin and kindlin. These interactions are essential for integrin activation and outside-in signaling. The α8β1 integrin shows high affinity for fibronectin containing the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) motif, and also binds to tenascin-C and osteopontin. Unlike many other integrins, ITGA8 does not undergo alternative splicing in its extracellular domain, maintaining a relatively conserved structure across species, which underscores its fundamental biological importance.

Biological Functions and Developmental Roles
ITGA8 is critically important during embryonic development, particularly in the formation of the kidney, nervous system, and limbs. In the developing kidney, α8β1 integrin mediates the interaction between the ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme, a process essential for proper nephrogenesis. Mice lacking ITGA8 exhibit severe renal agenesis or dysgenesis, highlighting its non-redundant role in organogenesis. In the nervous system, ITGA8 supports neuronal migration and axonal guidance, influencing the formation of cortical layers and cerebellar architecture. Beyond development, ITGA8 contributes to wound healing and tissue regeneration by promoting fibroblast migration and matrix remodeling, making it a key player in both physiological and pathological tissue responses.

Alternate Names for ITGA8

ITGA8; integrin, alpha 8; integrin alpha-8;

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