Hormones

Common Hormones

We offer an extensive range of antibodies to the biomarkers of the most common Hormones related endocrine diseases, including FSH, LH, hCG, SHBG, Progesterone, PRL, Testosterone, Estradiol/E2, Estriol/E3 and AMH.

FSH, also known as Follicle-stimulating hormone, is glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. FSH is synthesized and secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland, and regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation, and reproductive processes of the body. FSH and luteinizing hormone work together in the reproductive system.

LH (Luteinizing hormone), also known as lutropin and sometimes lutrophin, is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. In females, an acute rise of LH ("LH surge") triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. In males, where LH had also been called interstitial cell–stimulating hormone (ICSH), it stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone. It acts synergistically with FSH.

hCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin) is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation. HCG is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha chain and a beta chain. The alpha chain is common to several other hormones, including lutenizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), while the beta chain is unique to HCG. Both alpha and beta chains contain a cysteine knot motif, also found in growth factors such as TGF-beta family members.

SHBG, (Sex hormone-binding globulin) or sex steroid-binding globulin (SSBG) is a glycoprotein that produced by the liver and binds tightly to the hormones testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol (an estrogen).

Progesterone (P4), is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species. It is a crucial metabolic intermediate in the production of other endogenous steroids, including the sex hormones and the corticosteroids, and plays an important role in brain function as a neurosteroid.

Prolactin (PRL), also known as luteotropic hormone or luteotropin, is secreted from the pituitary gland in response to eating, mating, estrogen treatment, ovulation and nursing.

Testosterone is the principal androgen, or male sex hormone. It is secreted by the testes but is also synthesized in small quantities in the ovaries, cortices of the adrenal glands, and placenta, usually from cholesterol. Testosterone is necessary in the fetus for the development of male external genitalia. Testosterone also stimulates protein synthesis and accounts for the greater muscular development of the male.

Estradiol/E2, also known as 17ß-estradiol, is the predominant sex hormone present in females. It is also present in males, being produced as an active metabolic product of testosterone. It represents the major estrogen in humans. Estradiol has not only a critical impact on reproductive and sexual functioning, but also affects other organs including the bones.

Estriol/E3, is a hydroxylated metabolite of ESTRADIOL or ESTRONE that has a hydroxyl group at C3-beta, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. It is the main etrogen in the blood and urine of pregnant females. Serum estriol dterminations reflect the status of the fetus and are used to evaluate fetal distress and placental function.It is used in the treatment of osteoporosis in combination with Vitamin D. Its expression also seems to be one of the direct causes of preterm labour, together with cervical ultrasound mesurements and espression of Foetal Fibronectin.

AMH (Anti mullerian hormone) is a member of the TGF beta superfamily. It is secreted as a homodimeric 140kD disulphide linked precursor that is cleaved to release the mature 30kD homodimer. Originally classified as a foetal testicular hormone that inhibits Mullerian duct development, AMH is expressed post natally by immature Sertoli cells, and to a lesser degree by granulosa cells. AMH plays a role in testicular differentiation and in the regulation of ovarian follicle growth.