Enterovirus Antigens

The Enterovirus genus consists of a large number of RNA viruses belonging to the family Picornaviridae, including human enterovirus groups A, B, C, and D as well as non-human enteroviruses. Enteroviruses are non-enveloped, spherical viruses with a diameter ranging from 28 to 30 nm, and single-stranded RNA. The genome of these enteroviruses is approximately 7.5–8.0 kb in length and contains one open reading frame, flanked by a highly structured 5' UTR and a 3' UTR with a poly tail. This polyprotein is proteolyzed into P1, P2, and P3 precursor proteins.

• Precursor P1 is then proteolytically cleaved to yield the structural proteins, the capsid proteins VP3, VP1, and VP0. VP0 is further divided into VP4 and VP2.
• Precursors P2 and P3 are processed into replicase, VPg, and a number of proteins that modify the host cell, ultimately leading to cell lysis. P2 precursor protein is processed to form the viral protease 2A and the 2BC polyprotein, and the 2BC polyprotein is further cleaved into two non-structural proteins, 2B and 2C. P3 precursor protein is initially proteolyzed into 3AB and 3CD, and then further proteolyzed to form proteins 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D.

Enteroviruses spread either through the faecal–oral route or via respiratory transmission. From their primary sites of replication in the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract, they can disseminate and infect other tissues and organs, including the central nervous system. Although most infections go unnoticed, they can cause a wide range of disorders with varying presentation and severity, most often in infants, young children and immunocompromised individuals. Furthermore, they can cause neonatal sepsis-like disease, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, non-specific febrile illness, hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), herpangina, pleurodynia, pericarditis and myocarditis. Some of them have emerged as serious public health threats, particularly EV-A71 and EV-D68.

EV71 is a causative viral agent associated with significant morbidity and mortality, owing to its involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, EV71 is widely considered as one of the most important virulent neurotropic enteroviruses after the eradication of poliomyelitis. The development of efficacious vaccine is a top priority to effectively prevent EV71. There are three inactivated, EV-A71 whole-virus vaccines approved by the China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) and are commercially available in China. Learn more about EV71 antigens.

Creative Diagnostics is one of the best manufactures of viral antigens, customers from all over the world find their satisfactory with our product and service. Welcome to contact our sales representative if you are in need of enterovirus antigens.