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C1QTNF7
C1QTNF7 Full Name
C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 7
C1QTNF7 Introduction
C1QTNF7, also known as CTRP7, is a secreted glycoprotein in the C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein family and is a paralog of adiponectin. It is highly expressed in adipose tissue, adrenal glands and lungs. CTRP7 contains a typical N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal globular C1q-like domain. CTRP7 can form a trimer or higher-order oligomeric complexes to perform its biological activities. CTRP7 is a novel adipocytokine and its physiological concentration is controlled by metabolic status: hyperglycemia inhibits its secretion, hyperinsulinemia stimulates its secretion and free fatty acids may also regulate its expression level. SNPs at the C1QTNF7 locus were identified as associated with risk of coronary artery disease and psychiatric disorders in genome-wide studies, indicating a possible role for C1QTNF7 in general pathophysiology.
Figure 1. Domain architecture of CTRP family members. (Source: Schanbacher C, et al. 2023)
Functional analyses have confirmed that CTRP7 is a critical regulator in metabolic homeostasis. The underlying mechanisms involve cross talk between multiple organs, and the signaling pathways are related. In liver, CTRP7 overexpression can robustly activate the oxidative stress response and abrogate the phosphorylation of key molecules in insulin signaling pathways, including Akt and p44/42 MAPK, which further impair the regulation of gluconeogenesis and lead to systemic insulin resistance. In animal experiments, CTRP7 expression in the circulation was significantly increased in db/db and ob/ob obese diabetic mice. HFD-fed CTRP7 KO mice had better glucose tolerance, with a decrease in adipose tissue inflammation and liver stress. In human cross-sectional studies, it was reported that plasma CTRP7 levels were positively and significantly correlated with BMI, FBG, HOMA-IR, HbA1c and TG levels, and CTRP7 levels in T2DM and IGT patients showed an upward trend in a stepwise manner.
Clinical and epidemiologic evidence robustly support CTRP7 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. In obesity and T2DM, increased CTRP7 levels are independently associated with endothelial dysfunction, subclinical atherosclerosis, and risk of coronary heart disease.
Alternate Names for C1QTNF7
C1QTNF7; C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 7; CTRP7; ZACRP7; complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 7; complement-c1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 7;
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