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Stromal cells, also known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), play a crucial role in various biological processes, including tissue repair, immunomodulation, and regenerative medicine. Understanding the characteristics and behavior of stromal cells is essential for advancing research and unlocking their therapeutic potential.
Stromal cells are non-hematopoietic, multipotent cells that possess self-renewal capability and the ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, including mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm. They are a vital component of the stromal microenvironment in various tissues and organs. Stromal cells have captured the attention of researchers due to their pluripotency and immunomodulatory properties, making them valuable tools in cell therapy and tissue repair.
The International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) has proposed essential minimal criteria to define mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in culture. These criteria include four key factors. Firstly, MSCs should adhere to plastic surfaces under standard tissue culture conditions. Secondly, they should express specific surface markers such as CD105, CD73, and CD90. Thirdly, they should lack the expression of certain surface markers including CD45, CD34, CD79/CD19, CD14/CD11b, and human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR). Lastly, MSCs should demonstrate the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondroblasts in vitro.
Fig. 1 Main features of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). (Schildberg F A, et al., 2018)
Stromal cell markers are specific cell surface proteins or molecular signatures that enable the identification, isolation, and characterization of stromal cells. These markers play a pivotal role in distinguishing stromal cells from other cell types and assessing their functional properties. The expression of stromal cell surface markers depends on the tissue of origin.
| hMSCs Sources | Cell Markers Expressed in hMSCs | Cell Markers Not Expressed in hMSCs |
| Adipose tissue | CD13, CD29, CD44, CD71, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, STRO-1 | CD14, CD31, CD34, CD45 |
| Peripheral blood | CD44, CD90, CD105,HLA-ABC | CD45, CD133 |
| Dental pulp | CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105 | CD14, CD34, CD45 |
| Bone marrow | CD73, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD146, STRO-1 | CD14, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR |
| Skin | CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, SSEA-4, Vimentin | CD34, CD45, HLA-DR |
| Amniotic fluid and membrane | CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, SH2, SH3 | CD10, CD14, CD34, HLA-DR |
| Endometrium | CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146 | CD34, CD45 |
| Placenta and fetal membrane | CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105 | CD34, CD45 |
| Limb bud | CD13, CD29, CD90, CD105, CD106 | CD3, CD4, CD14, CD15, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR |
| Salivary gland | CD13, CD29, CD44, CD90, STRO-1 | CD34, CD45 |
| Synovial fluid | CD44, CD90, CD105, CD147, STRO-1 | CD31, CD34, CD45, CD106 |
| Subamniotic umbilical cord lining membrane | CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 | CD34, CD45 |
Stromal cell markers have a wide range of applications in stromal cell research and therapeutics. Here are some key areas where these markers are instrumental:
As a pioneering company in life sciences research, Creative Diagnostics offers a comprehensive portfolio of high-quality stromal cell markers and related products to support cutting-edge research and development in this exciting field. By harnessing the power of stromal cell markers, researchers can unravel the complex biology of stromal cells and unlock their therapeutic potential for the benefit of human health.
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