Public health impact of the Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses
MICROBIOLOGY AUSTRALIA
Authors: Knippenberg, Ben; Ferson, Mark J.
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EV) comprise viruses originally classified on cell culture replication patterns and clinical manifestations into a number of groups: poliovirus, coxsackievirus A, coxsackievirus B and ECHOvirus. The closely related genus Parechovirus has more recently been associated with human disease. EVs are common commensals of the human gut, often found without any ill effects on the person, but are also associated with a wide range of diseases and syndromes including non-specific rash illnesses, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), conjunctivitis, meningitis and encephalitis, myocarditis and polio. This results in a significant burden of disease worldwide, often due to a particular genotype of EV. An estimated 1 billion people are infected with EV every year.
Evolutionary phylogeography and transmission pattern of echovirus 14: an exploration of spatiotemporal dynamics based on the 26-year acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in Shandong, China
BMC GENOMICS
Authors: Chen, Peng; Li, Yan; Tao, Zexin; Wang, Haiyan; Lin, Xiaojuan; Liu, Yao; Wang, Suting; Zhou, Nan; Wang, Pei; Xu, Aiqiang
Abstract
Background: Echovirus 14 (E-14) causes various clinical recognized syndromes, mostly with gastrointestinal syndrome and paralysis. The current study summarized the Shandong E-14 strains isolated from a 26-year acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, and elucidated the characterization of phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of E-14 worldwide. Results: As a predominant serotype circulating in AFP surveillance, phylogenetic analysis showed that E-14 exhibited both time and geographic subdivision worldwide. In order to know the evolutionary history and spatial temporal dynamics of E-14, evolutionary phylogeography was reconstructed using BEAST and SPREAD software based on the VP1 sequences. The time of the most recent common ancestor of E-14 was estimated around 85 years and evolved with 9.17 x 10(-3) substitutions/site/year. Phylogeographic analysis suggested that two regional transmissions of E-14 were mainly detected, with one located between Europe and Africa countries and the other was in the Asia-Pacific region. Conclusions: Our study investigates the molecular evolution and phylogeographic of E-14, and brings new insight to the dispersal of E-14 worldwide. Regional transmission was mainly detected and Australia may be responsible for the spread of E-14 in recent years.