Batch dependent - please inquire should you have specific requirements
Buffer
Neutral to slightly alkaline pH and 1mM EDTA
Preservative
None
Storage
Store at <-65°C. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing
Introduction
Double-stranded (DS) DNA is the major form of genetic material in most organisms. One major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes is that each of the former contains single replication origin (ori), whereas the latter usually have multiple ori dispersed throughout the chromosomes. Having multiple ori facilitates the replication of a large amount of DNA during the limited time span of the S phase of the cell cycle.
Keywords
dsDNA; double-stranded DNA; SLE; Lupus nephritis
Citations
Publication ()
Have you cited DAG598 in a publication? Let us know and earn a reward for your research.
Background
The DNA molecule contains genetic information about the development and function of an organism, and in addition to carrying genetic information and playing a key role in biological processes, it has many applications in drug design, nanotechnology, etc. The core process of DNA involves replication and transcription, where proteins and RNA can be involved in regulating genetic information. DNA replication is initiated by DNA polymerase and begins with a localized opening of base pairs that separates the two strands from each other, and then the localized openings move along the strand like a Y-fork. The bases are matched to synthesize new paired strands, the leading and lagging strands. Another important phenomenon related to the opening of DNA base pairs is transcription, where DNA carrying information is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) with the involvement of RNA polymerase, which is subsequently read and synthesized into peptide chains by ribosomes. RNA polymerase recognizes and attaches to transcription sites on double-stranded DNA, forming pre-initiation complexes and closing bases after transcription. This process is accomplished in a very coordinated manner at a rate of tens to a hundred base pairs per second.
The double helix structure of DNA has the following advantages. Genetic information is encoded twice in the two complementary strands, storing information and enabling error checking during replication; the sugar-phosphate backbone facilitates base pairing between the complementary strands, which is essential for the storage and retrieval of genetic information. The bases are arranged in lines or stacks along the longitudinal axis of DNA, allowing proteins to directly access sequence fragments; the reversible opening and closing of the two DNA strands enables replication and transcription without destroying the original molecule.
DNA double strands can be opened in vitro by heat melting, i.e., separating the two strands of DNA by raising the temperature of the solution containing the DNA molecule. In this process, the hydrogen bonds between the bases are broken and the two strands are separated from their helical structure. Another method that leads to separation is to pull on one of the DNA strands while leaving the other strand immobilized on a glass slide is called force-induced DNA melting. Although DNA denaturation in vitro is distinct from in vivo replication and transcription, understanding denaturation can provide a great deal of useful information for understanding the entire process.
Figure 1. Schematic representation of the melting curve of a short, homogeneous DNA chain (Source: Singh A, et al. 2022)
Alternative Names
Human double stranded DNA
References
1. Singh A, et al. Structure and Dynamics of dsDNA in Cell-like Environments. Entropy (Basel). 2022 Nov 1;24(11):1587.
2. Tang M, et al. Establishment of dsDNA-dsDNA interactions by the condensin complex. Mol Cell. 2023 Nov 2;83(21):3787-3800.e9.
Creative Diagnostics products are for RESEARCH USE ONLY, please make sure your review is research based.
Required fields are marked with *
Terms and conditions:
We will select high-quality review customers and offer a $30 coupon for your next purchase.
All product reviews must be submitted in the English language.
Creative Diagnostics will not share any personal information of applicants, and all information will be treated with strict confidentiality and will not be sold or disclosed to a third party.
References
The molecular mechanism of dsDNA sensing through the cGAS-STING pathway
Double stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm triggers the cGAS-STING innate immune pathway to defend against pathogenic infections, tissue damage and malignant cells. Extensive structural and functional studies over the last couple of years have enabled the molecular understanding of dsDNA induced activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. This review highlights recent advances in the structural characterization of key molecules in the cGAS-STING signaling axis by focusing on the mechanism of cGAS activation by dsDNA, the regulation of cGAS activity, the mechanism of STING activation by cGAMP, the molecular basis of TBK1 recruitment and activation by STING, the structural basis of IRF3 recruitment by STING, and the mechanism of IRF3 activation upon phosphorylation by TBK1. These comprehensive structural studies provide a detailed picture of the mechanism of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, establishing a molecular framework for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway.
Type IV-A CRISPR-Csf complex: Assembly, dsDNA targeting, and CasDinG recruitment
Mol Cell
Authors: Cui N, Zhang JT, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu XY, Wang C, Huang H, Jia N.
Type IV CRISPR-Cas systems, which are primarily found on plasmids and exhibit a strong plasmid-targeting preference, are the only one of the six known CRISPR-Cas types for which the mechanistic details of their function remain unknown. Here, we provide high-resolution functional snapshots of type IV-A Csf complexes before and after target dsDNA binding, either in the absence or presence of CasDinG, revealing the mechanisms underlying CsfcrRNA complex assembly, "DWN" PAM-dependent dsDNA targeting, R-loop formation, and CasDinG recruitment. Furthermore, we establish that CasDinG, a signature DinG family helicase, harbors ssDNA-stimulated ATPase activity and ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase activity. In addition, we show that CasDinG unwinds the non-target strand (NTS) and target strand (TS) of target dsDNA from the CsfcrRNA complex. These molecular details advance our mechanistic understanding of type IV-A CRISPR-Csf function and should enable Csf complexes to be harnessed as genome-engineering tools for biotechnological applications.
COA
Publication 
Figure 1. Schematic representation of the melting curve of a short, homogeneous DNA chain
Loading ......
