Description
Large inactivated toxins such as tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid and diphtheria CRM197 are used as carriers in vaccines to develop strong immune responses. Conjugate vaccines rely on these immunogenic molecules to stimulate long-lasting immunity to attached polysaccharides or peptides.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a Gram-positive, bacterium which infects epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract and produces diphtheria toxin. Diphtheria toxin is proteolytically cleaved forming a two part toxin, held together by a disulfide bridge. The aminoterminal carries the toxin's enzymatic activity, capable of ADPribosylation and inactivation of translation elongation factor 2 (EF-2). The carboxy-terminal domain binds to specific host receptors, the heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) on human epithelial cells and translocates the catalytic domain into the cell.
Diphtheria Toxoid is formaldehyde-inactivated toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is generally used in mixtures with TETANUS TOXOID and PERTUSSIS VACCINE; (DTP); or with tetanus toxoid alone (DT for pediatric use and Td, which contains 5- to 10-fold less diphtheria toxoid, for other use).
pH: 7.5
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