Analysis of cerebral-spinal flluid of three central nervous system diseases of dogs
PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Polidoro, Dakir N.; Santos, Rosmarini P.; Aiello, Graciane; Chaves, Rafael O.; Ripplinger, Angel; Wrzesinski, Mathias R.; Schwab, Marcelo L.; Mazzanti, Alexandre
Abstract
A retrospective study including the analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dogs neurologically affected was conducted by the Neurology Service of the Veterinary Hospital at the Institution, between 2004 and 2015. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of the CSF of dogs with neurological signs, and compare the changes in the CSF in two sampling sites in the same patient and see if this test helped the clinician to strengthen clinical suspicion of the major diseases of the central nervous system. Lymphocytic pleocytosis was present in 78.3% (29/37) of samples from dogs with distemper and in 23.2% (10/43) of samples from dogs with IVDD. The albumin cytologic dissociation (ACD) was found in 73% (19/26) of samples from dogs with IC tumors and in 64.3% (9/14) from dogs with tumors involving the SC. For dogs with IVDD, there was statistical significance (p < 0.05) between the degree of neurological dysfunction and the total nucleated cells (TNC) and total protein (TP). In 29 dogs, CSF was collected from the cistern magna and the lumbar and in 12 (41.4%) the results were different between the samples of the same dog, where two cases (6,9%) showed alterations in the sample collected cranial to the injury. It can be concluded that the lymphocytic pleocytosis was the main alteration found in the CSF of dogs with distemper and IVDD and ACD in tumors. Dogs affected by IVDD had more severe neurological signs as TNC and TP increased and the CSF was altered even collected cranial to the lesion site and helped the clinician to strengthen the clinical suspicion, but not confirm, the major neurological diseases in dogs.
Retailing in places of World Heritage, transition and 'planned authenticity'
GEOFORUM
Authors: Thomsen, Lotte
Abstract
This paper explores the dynamics of retail landscapes in places where World Heritage designation and economic transition occur simultaneously. Empirically, the paper focuses on clothing retail in the significant tourist destination of Hoi An in Vietnam. It shows how the creation of a clothing retail sector is highly linked to the well-planned configuration of an 'authentic' Tailor City, leading the paper to reconceptualize the notion of authenticity. The concept of 'planned authenticity is introduced. Planned authenticity refers to the outcome of interventions that lead to the introduction, or increased significance, of activities and products that were not profoundly attached to a place in the past. These are not examples of so-called commodified ancient culture, but carefully planned and relatively new activities appearing as authentic elements of contemporary tourism sectors. Based on fieldwork conducted in Hoi An, the paper identifies three groups of clothing retailers that are positioned differently in a highly competitive context of such planned authenticity. These retailers sell not only clothes but also the idea of clothes produced in seemingly traditional and place-specific ways, although the vast majority of retail shops are relatively newly established and the production of clothing products commonly transcends multiple geographical scales.