Recombinant Nipah Virus G Protein [Fc]

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly lethal zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes severe respiratory infections and encephalitis. NiV is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA enveloped virus with a non-segmented genome encoding six structural proteins, namely nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion glycoprotein (F), attachment glycoprotein (G) and RNA polymerase or large protein (L). In addition, as a result of mRNA editing and substitution of start codons, there are three accessory proteins within P: Protein V, Protein W, and Protein C. Based on genome sequence analysis, NiV can be divided into two major clades: the M genotype, which includes Malaysian NiV isolates (NiV-M), and the B genotype, which includes Bangladeshi (NiV-B) and Indian NiV isolates (NiV-I). B clade infections are significantly more pathogenic than M clades.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the structure of an NiV particle and the viral genome organization
(Source: Liew YJM, et al. 2022)

The NiV replication cycle begins when the virus attaches to the host cell receptors ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3 via the NiV G protein. Unlike other paramyxoviruses, the NiV G protein is unique in that it does not function as a hemagglutinin or neuraminidase. As a type II membrane protein, G proteins exhibit characteristic tetramerization through their N-terminal α-helical stalk domain, while their C-terminal globular head domain binds to host cell receptors. NiV F proteins mediate the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane, releasing the viral genome into the cytoplasm. Viral genomic RNA is associated with N, P, and L proteins to form ribonucleoprotein complexes that participate in viral transcription and replication. L polymerase catalyzes the transcription of viral genomic RNA into mRNA for protein translation. The translated viral surface glycoproteins F and G are inserted into the host cell endoplasmic reticulum for post-translational modifications such as glycosylation.

NiV infection is commonly associated with acute respiratory distress, encephalitis and in some cases myocarditis, with some patients experiencing lethargy, confusion and even coma. A subset of patients develops residual neurologic complications, such as delayed encephalitis, several years after the initial infection.

NiV G Protein
NiV G