Native Viral Antigens - IVD Raw Material

Introduction

Viruses are infectious pathogens that cause a broad range of diseases. They are small particles, typically between 20 and 300 nanometers in length, containing RNA or DNA. Viruses require a host cell to replicate. Pathogens are capable of causing widespread and devastating epidemics of human illness. Nearly all of the outbreaks of clinical and public health importance over the past two decades have been caused by novel emerging viruses, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, Sin Nombre hantavirus, 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1, and the recently described coronavirus EMC and H7N9 avian influenza viruses. The identification of novel pathogens has a tremendous impact on infectious diseases, microbiology, and human health. Currently available diagnostic tests for viruses are culture, serology, or targeted nucleic acid-based testing.

Viral diseases

Fig. 1 Overview of the main manifestations of
viral infection (Wikipedia, public domain)

Pathogenic viruses are mainly from the families: Adenoviridae, Coronaviridae, Picornaviridae, Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Flaviviridae, Retroviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Papovaviridae, Polyomavirus, Rhabdoviridae, and Togaviridae. Viruses cause familiar infectious diseases such as the common cold, flu and warts. They also cause severe illnesses such as AIDS, Ebola, influenza and COVID-19. Examples of common viral diseases include:

• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis
• Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause HPV infection, cervical dysplasia, genital warts, and cervical cancer
• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes lower respiratory tract infections in young children
• Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes shingles and chickenpox
• Influenza viruses, such as H1N1, cause influenza (flu)
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS

Treatment

Viral infections are a frequent cause of disease in individuals of all ages. In general, the spectrum of illness is varied; however, young children and those with suppressed or deficient immune systems are at higher risk of having severe disease. Antiviral drugs, which minimize the severity and length of some viral infections, such as the flu and shingles, especially in people who are at a high risk for serious complications. For example, the drugs oseltamivir (brand name Tamiflu) and zanamivir (brand name Relenza) may be prescribed for some cases of flu. Antiretroviral medications, which can help people with HIV/AIDS lead longer lives. Antiretroviral medications hinder the ability of HIV to reproduce, which slows the spread of HIV in the body.

Product list

Native antigens are extracted in their natural form from an appropriate source. Pathogen specific native antigens are known for their high sensitivity in diagnostics applications and are widely used for immunodiagnostic assays, especially in IgM detection. If a researcher is developing an immunodiagnostic test, a native antigen may be considered more suitable. Creative Diagnostics offer a broad range of native viral antigens for diagnostic laboratories and research institutes, and is an ideal basis for the development and production of infectious disease kits and reagents. All antigens are purified using a range of techniques to ensure optimal performance in diagnostic applications. Welcome to contact us if you’d like to know more or have questions about our products.

References:

1. M V Ragni, K E Sherman, J A Jordan. Viral pathogens. FHaemophilia. 2010; 16 (Suppl. 5), 40–46.
2. Charles Y Chiu. Viral pathogen discovery. Current Opinion in Microbiology. 2013; 16(4): 468-478.
3. Nicole H. Tobin, Angela J.P. Campbell, Danielle M Zerr, et al. Life-Threatening Viral Diseases and Their Treatment. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2011; 1324-1335.

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