To understand the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, it is essential to study how Spike proteins interact with the ACE2 receptor. However, such studies are hampered by the danger of producing and manipulating live coronavirus. Live SARS-CoV-2 has to be handled under biosafety level 3 conditions, which has hindered the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Pseudoviruses are useful virological tools because of their safety and versatility, the pseudovirus is restricted to a single round of replication and can be handled using BSL-2 containment practices.
Pseudotyped Luciferase/GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike display antigenically correct spike protein pseudotyped (Wuhan-Hu-1 strain or D614G mutant) on replication-incompetent virus particles that contain a heterologous lentiviral (HIV) core and are capable of a single round of infection and carry a genome that expresses either a GFP or luciferase optical reporter gene upon infection.
Pseudotyped Luciferase/GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike are produced in HEK-293T cells using three separate plasmids, encoding the spike protein, a lentiviral gag polyprotein, and a reporter gene and can be used to test the ability of serum, antibodies, and drugs to neutralize the infectivity of SARS-CoV- 2 spike protein.
Pseudotyped Luciferase/GFP VSV is designed as a control for CD's Pseudotyped Luciferase/GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike to test for non-specific factors that affect virus infectivity. The Pseudovirus display the VSV envelope glycoprotein (VSV-G) pseudotyped on replication-incompetent virus particles that contain a heterologous lentiviral (HIV) core. The VSV-G protein confers the Pseudovirus with a high level of single cycle infectivity due to its broad tropism.
The Pseudotyped Luciferase/GFP Lentivirus was produced without envelope glycoproteins such as VSV-G or SARS-CoV-2 spike. It contains the Luciferase gene or GFP driven by a CMV promoter as the reporter. Since the virus is lacking the envelope glycoproteins and cannot be transfected to target cells. The Pseudotyped Luciferase Lentivirus can serve as a negative control when studying virus entry initiated by specific interactions between virus particles and receptors.
HEK-293T cells stably expressing ACE2 or HEK293T cells were incubated with lentivirus pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (CD Cat# COV-PS02) for 12 h.
Bayati A, Kumar R, Francis V, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells after viral entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2021, 296: 100306.
Neutralization Assay By Serum
CD offers a variety of lentiviral SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus from a wide range of coronavirus species. Different vectors can be used to express different reporters such as EGFP or luciferase, allowing the monitoring of viral entry into host cells by a variety of means. If you can't a find a suitable pseudovirus above, please contact us for custom options.
Our team has been working diligently to stay abreast these new developments and are currently developing a serial of Lentiviral SARS-CoV-2 Mutation Pseudovirus, including Delta, Lambda, Zeta, Alpha, Gamma, Beta, Kappa.
| Cat# | Product Name | Reporter Gene | Envelope Glycoproteins | |
| COV-PS01 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Wuhan-Hu-1) | Inquiry |
| COV-PS02 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Wuhan-Hu-1) | Inquiry |
| COV-PS12 | Pseudotyped GFP-Luc rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, WT | GFP/Luciferase Dual Reporter | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Wuhan-Hu-1) | Inquiry |
| COV-PS03 | Pseudotyped rSARS-CoV-2 Spike | × | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Wuhan-Hu-1) | Inquiry |
| COV-PSL1 | Pseudotyped Luciferase Lentivirus | Luciferase | × | Inquiry |
| COV-PSG2 | Pseudotyped GFP Lentivirus | GFP | × | Inquiry |
| Cat# | Product Name | Reporter Gene | Envelope Glycoproteins | |
| COVL-BA2 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, Omicron Variant (BA.2) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (T19I, Δ24-26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) | Inquiry |
| COVG-BA2 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, Omicron Variant (BA.2) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (T19I, Δ24-26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) | Inquiry |
| COVL-B11529 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Omicron, B.1.1.529; A67V, Δ69-70, T95I, G142D/Δ143-145, Δ211/L212I, ins214EPE, G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, T547K, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, N856K, Q954H, N969K, L981F) | Inquiry |
| COVG-B11529 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Omicron, B.1.1.529; A67V, Δ69-70, T95I, G142D/Δ143-145, Δ211/L212I, ins214EPE, G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, T547K, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, N856K, Q954H, N969K, L981F) | Inquiry |
| COVL-MU1 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike (Columbia, B.1.621, Mu) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Columbia, B.1.621, Mu; T95I, Y144S, Y145N, R346K, E484K, N501Y, D614G, P681H, D950N) | Inquiry |
| COVG-MU1 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike (Columbia, B.1.621, Mu) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Columbia, B.1.621, Mu; T95I, Y144S, Y145N, R346K, E484K, N501Y, D614G, P681H, D950N) | Inquiry |
| COVL-DE2 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, Indian variant B.1.617.2 (Delta) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Indian variant B.1.617.2; T19R, G142D, del156/157, R158G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N) | Inquiry |
| COVG-DE2 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, Indian variant B.1.617.2 (Delta) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Indian variant B.1.617.2; T19R, G142D, del156/157, R158G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N) | Inquiry |
| COVL-B1617 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike (Indian variant B.1.617, RBD mutations only) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Indian variant B.1.617, RBD mutations only; L452R, E484Q, D614G) | Inquiry |
| COVG-B1617 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike (Indian variant B.1.617, RBD mutations only) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Indian variant B.1.617, RBD mutations only; L452R, E484Q, D614G) | Inquiry |
| COVL-KA1 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, Indian variant B.1.617.1 (Kappa) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Indian variant B.1.617.1; G142D, E154K, L452R, E484Q, D614G, P681R, Q1071H) | Inquiry |
| COVG-KA1 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, Indian variant B.1.617.1 (Kappa) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Indian variant B.1.617.1; G142D, E154K, L452R, E484Q, D614G, P681R, Q1071H) | Inquiry |
| COVL-DE417 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, B.1.617.2.1 Variant (Delta + K417N) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (DELTA PLUS (Delta + K417N) B.1.617.2.1; T19R, G142D, del156-157, R158G, K417N, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N) | Inquiry |
| COVG-DE417 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, B.1.617.2.1 Variant (Delta + K417N) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (DELTA PLUS (Delta + K417N) B.1.617.2.1; T19R, G142D, del156-157, R158G, K417N, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N) | Inquiry |
| COVL-LA37 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, C.37 Variant (Lambda) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Variant C.37; G75V, T76I, R246N, del247-253, L452Q, F490S, D614G, T859N) | Inquiry |
| COVG-LA37 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, C.37 Variant (Lambda) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Variant C.37; G75V, T76I, R246N, del247-253, L452Q, F490S, D614G, T859N) | Inquiry |
| COVL-ZE2 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, Brazilian variant P.2 (Zeta) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Brazilian variant P.2; E484K, V1176F, D614G) | Inquiry |
| COVG-ZE2 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, Brazilian variant P.2 (Zeta) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Brazilian variant P.2; E484K, V1176F, D614G) | Inquiry |
| COVL-B117 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike (Variant B.1.1.7, Alpha) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Variant B.1.1.7; deletion H69-V70, deletion Y144, N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, D1118H) | Inquiry |
| COVG-B117 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike (Variant B.1.1.7, Alpha) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Variant B.1.1.7; deletion H69-V70, deletion Y144, N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, D1118H) | Inquiry |
| COVL-BE1 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike (Variant South African variant Δ3 B.1.351, 20H/501Y.V2, Beta) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (South African variant Δ3 B.1.351, 20H/501Y.V2, Beta; L18F, D80A, D215G, ΔL242/A243/L244, R246I, K417N, N501Y, E484K, D614G, A701V) | Inquiry |
| COVG-BE1 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike (Variant South African variant Δ3 B.1.351, 20H/501Y.V2, Beta) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (South African variant Δ3 B.1.351, 20H/501Y.V2, Beta; L18F, D80A, D215G, ΔL242/A243/L244, R246I, K417N, N501Y, E484K, D614G, A701V) | Inquiry |
| COVL-501YV2 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike (South African variant B.1.351, 20C/501Y.V2) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (South African variant B.1.351, 20C/501Y.V2; L18F, D80A, D215G, L242H, R246I, K417N, N501Y, E484K, D614G, A701V) | Inquiry |
| COVG-501YV2 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike (South African variant B.1.351, 20C/501Y.V2) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (South African variant B.1.351, 20C/501Y.V2; L18F, D80A, D215G, L242H, R246I, K417N, N501Y, E484K, D614G, A701V) | Inquiry |
| COVL-JBV1 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, Japanese/Brazilian Variant (P.1, Gamma) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Variant Japanese/Brazilian Variant (P.1); L18F, T20N, P26S, D138Y, R190S, K417T, E484K, N501Y, D614G, H655Y, T1027I, V1176F) | Inquiry |
| COVG-JBV1 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, Japanese/Brazilian Variant (P.1, Gamma) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Variant Japanese/Brazilian Variant (P.1); L18F, T20N, P26S, D138Y, R190S, K417T, E484K, N501Y, D614G, H655Y, T1027I, V1176F) | Inquiry |
| COVL-B11318 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, B.1.1.318 UK | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (T95I, ΔY144, E484K, D614G, P681H, D796H) | Inquiry |
| COVG-B11318 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, B.1.1.318 UK | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (T95I, ΔY144, E484K, D614G, P681H, D796H) | Inquiry |
| COVL-D641G | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike D614G | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (D614G) | Inquiry |
| COVG-D641G | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike D614G | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (D614G) | Inquiry |
| COVL-E484K | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, E484K | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (E484K) | Inquiry |
| COVG-E484K | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, E484K | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (E484K) | Inquiry |
| COVL-N439K | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike (N439K) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (N439K) | Inquiry |
| COVG-N439K | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike (N439K) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (N439K) | Inquiry |
| COVL-N439KB | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, N439K/D614G | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (N439K, D614G) | Inquiry |
| COVG-N439KB | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, N439K/D614G | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (N439K, D614G) | Inquiry |
| COVL-DC5 | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, Danish/mink Cluster 5 (dFVI) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (ΔH69/V70, Y453F, I692V, M1229I) | Inquiry |
| COVG-DC5 | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, Danish/mink Cluster 5 (dFVI) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (ΔH69/V70, Y453F, I692V, M1229I) | Inquiry |
| COVL-N501Y | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, N501Y (US/Ohio Strain, COHD32 or COH.20g/501Y) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (N501Y, D614G) | Inquiry |
| COVG-N501Y | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, N501Y (US/Ohio Strain, COHD32 or COH.20g/501Y) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (N501Y, D614G) | Inquiry |
| COVL-S477N | Pseudotyped Luciferase rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, S477N (Australian mutation, Hodcroft 2020) | Luciferase | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S477N, D614G) | Inquiry |
| COVG-S477N | Pseudotyped GFP rSARS-CoV-2 Spike, S477N (Australian mutation, Hodcroft 2020) | GFP | SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S477N, D614G) | Inquiry |
| Catalog No. | Product Description | Envelope Glycoproteins | Lead Time |
| PSV-Custom | SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles, GFP/Luciferase reporter gene | Custom mutations | 6 weeks |
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