ELISA Kits for Antimicrobial Drugs Detection

Creative Diagnostics offers several new ELISA Kits for quantitative and qualitative analysis of antimicrobial drugs in different kinds of samples. Each of our kits goes through fit-for-purpose validation and stability testing to ensure high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.

Our Products:

Drug Class	Antimicrobial Drug Name	IC50 (ppb)	Sample
Cephalosporins	Cefquinome	2	milk
Cephalosporins	Cefalexin	0.5	milk, tissue, honey and urine
Quinolones	3-methyl-quinosaline-2-carboxylicacid	5	chicken, duck and other sample types
Quinolones	Ciprofloxacin	0.5	tissues, honey, milk, milk powder, egg
Sulfonamide	Sulfadiazine	1	tissue, serum, honey, milk
Sulfonamide	Sulfanilamides	0.5	chickens, pigs, fish, shrimp, honey, etc.
Others	Vancomycin	1	human serum or plasma
	Pirlimycin	5	milk
	Thiamphenicol drug residue	0.15	raw milk, egg, seafood, tissue
	Albendazole	10	meat and feed
	Natamycin	2	biological agents

What is Antimicrobial Drugs?

Antimicrobial drug is a kind of drug used to treat a microbial infection. Antimicrobial is a general term that refers to a group of drugs that includes antibiotics, antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antivirals. They are derived from bacteria or molds or are synthesized de novo. Technically, “antibiotic” refers only to antimicrobials derived from bacteria or molds but is often used synonymously with “antibacterial drug.”

ELISA Kits for Antimicrobial Drugs Detection

What is the difference between antibiotic and antimicrobial?

The terms antimicrobial and antibiotic encompass a wide variety of pharmaceutical agents that include antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic drugs. But what is the difference between antibiotic and antimicrobial substances?

Technically:

Antibiotics are used to kill microbes (literally ‘life’)
Antimicrobials are used to kill or prevent further growth of microbes
Antibacterials are used to kill or prevent further growth bacteria
Antivirals are used to treat viral infections
Antifungal are used to kill or prevent further growth of fungi
Antiparasitic act against parasites

Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Drugs

Most antimicrobial drugs currently in clinical use are antibacterial because the prokaryotic cell provides a greater variety of unique targets for selective toxicity, in comparison to fungi, parasites, and viruses. Antibiotics have many mechanisms of action, including inhibiting cell wall synthesis, increasing cell membrane permeability, and interfering with protein synthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, and other metabolic processes (eg, folic acid synthesis). The figure and table below summarized the way in which a drug affects microbes at the cellular level. These drugs have very serious side effects and will cause bacilus resistance if they exist in human body for a long period. They also have potential carcinogenecity.

Table 1. Common Antibacterial Drugs by Mode of Action
Mode of Action	Target	Drug Class
Inhibit cell wall biosynthesis	Penicillin-binding proteins	β-lactams: penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems
	Peptidoglycan subunits	Glycopeptides
	Peptidoglycan subunit transport	Bacitracin
Inhibit biosynthesis of proteins	30S ribosomal subunit	Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines
Inhibit biosynthesis of proteins	50S ribosomal subunit	Macrolides, lincosamides, chloramphenicol, oxazolidinones
Disrupt membranes	Lipopolysaccharide, inner and outer membranes	Polymyxin B, colistin, daptomycin
Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis	RNA	Rifamycin
Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis	DNA	Fluoroquinolones
Antimetabolites	Folic acid synthesis enzyme	Sulfonamides, trimethoprim
Antimetabolites	Mycolic acid synthesis enzyme	Isonicotinic acid hydrazide
Mycobacterial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase inhibitor	Mycobacterial ATP synthase	Diarylquinoline