Comparison of isolation platforms for detection of circulating renal cell carcinoma cells
ONCOTARGET
Authors: Maertens, Yvonne; Humberg, Verena; Erlmeier, Franziska; Steffens, Sandra; Steinestel, Julie; Boegemann, Martin; Schrader, Andres Jan; Bernemann, Christof
Abstract
Background: Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has progressed in several tumor entities. However, little is known about CTCs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. Aim of our studies was to build a stable in vitro fundament for isolation of CTCs in ccRCC. Methods: We compared the analytical performance of different CTC isolation methods with regard to yield and purity: EpCAM based enrichment, leukocyte depletion and size based enrichment. EpCAM and cytokeratin 8 (KRT8) as biomarker for CTCs expression were evaluated in ccRCC cell lines as well as clinical samples. Results: While the EpCAM based approach failed to successfully isolate tumor cells, CD45 based approaches showed intermediate recovery rates. The cell-size based Parsortix system showed highest recovery rates. EpCAM expression was low or absent in most cell lines as well as in clinical samples, whereas KRT8 was detected as a potential biomarker in ccRCC. Conclusion: EpCAM based approaches might miss a high number of CTCs due to low or absent expression of EpCAM in ccRCC, as shown in cell lines as well as in patient samples. We identified the cell-sized based, label independent Parsortix system to be the most effective recovery system for ccRCC CTCs.
Disorders in barrier protein mRNA expression and placenta secretory activity under the influence of polychlorinated biphenyls in vitro
THERIOGENOLOGY
Authors: Wojciechowska, A.; Mlynarczuk, J.; Kotwica, J.
Abstract
Pregnancy disorders are often correlated with the presence of organic pollutants in the tissues of living bodies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects (over 24 and 48 hours) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 153, 126, and 77 at doses of 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL on barrier function and secretory activity in cow placentome sections collected during the second trimester of pregnancy. None of the PCBs affected the viability of the sections (P > 0.05). Polychlorinated biphenyl 153 decreased (P < 0.05) connexin 26 (Cx 26) mRNA expression, and all three PCBs reduced (P < 0.05) Cx 43 mRNA expression. Cx 32 mRNA expression showed a downward trend (P > 0.05) under the influence of PCBs 126 and 77. Moreover, PCBs 153 and 126 increased keratin 8 (KRT8) mRNA expression, whereas all PCBs decreased (P < 0.05) placenta specific protein 1 (PLAC-1) mRNA expression without changing (P > 0.05) hypoxia inducible factor la (HIF1 alpha) mRNA expression. Concomitantly, PCBs 153 and 126 stimulated (P < 0.05) cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) mRNA expression, all PCBs increased (P < 0.05) prostaglandin E2 synthase (PGES) mRNA expression, and PCBs 126 and 77 increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion. All three PCBs decreased (P < 0.05) prostaglandin F2 alpha synthase (PGFS) mRNA expression and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) secretion. In addition, all three PCBs increased (P < 0.05) neurophysin I/oxytocin (NP-I/OT) mRNA expression and OT secretion but did not affect peptidyl-glycine-alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PGA) mRNA expression (P > 0.05). Moreover, the PCBs increased (P < 0.05) estradiol (E2) secretion, whereas progesterone (P4) secretion remained unchanged (P > 0.05). These changes could affect trophoblast invasion and uterine contractility and thus impact the course of gestation and/or fetal development in the cow. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
COA
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