Inquiry Basket
Loading ......
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor formed by the malignant transformation of liver cells. This disease accounts for 75% to 85% of primary liver cancer, and hepatitis B virus infection is its main pathogenic factor. Ranked as the fourth most common malignant tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, pathological types include hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (10% to 15%), and mixed hepatocellular carcinoma cholangiocarcinoma.
Figure 1. Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Primary liver cancer is one of the common malignant tumors worldwide, and is currently the fourth most common malignant tumor and the second leading cause of tumor mortality. It mainly includes three different pathological types: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC CCA). The three types have significant differences in pathogenesis, biological behavior, histopathology, treatment methods, and prognosis, with HCC accounting for 75% to 85% and ICC accounting for 10% to 15%.
The age standard for cancer deaths per 100000 residents in 2004. The relative incidence rate of liver tumor types in American adults is hepatocellular carcinoma on the left. HCC is one of the most common tumors worldwide. The epidemiology of HCC exhibits two main patterns, one in North America and Western Europe, and the other in non Western countries such as sub Saharan Africa, Central and Southeast Asia, and the Amazon basin. Men are usually more affected than women, most commonly between the ages of 30 and 50. Hepatocellular carcinoma causes 662000 deaths worldwide each year, with about half of them in China.
Macroscopically, cancer manifests as nodular or invasive tumors. Nodular type may be single or multiple. The tumor nodules are round to oval in shape, gray or green, with clear boundaries but not enveloped. Diffuse type with poor borders, rarely infiltrating the portal vein or hepatic vein. Under a microscope, the four structural and cytological types of hepatocellular carcinoma are: fibrolamellar, pseudoglandular, pleomorphic, and clear cell. In well differentiated forms, tumor cells resemble liver cells, forming trabeculae, cords, and nests, and the cytoplasm may contain bile pigments. In poorly differentiated forms, malignant epithelial cells appear discoid, polymorphic, anaplastic, and giant. Due to poor vascularization, the tumor stroma is sparse and the center is necrotic. The fifth form - lymphoepitheliomatous hepatocellular carcinoma - has also been described.
For individuals with high suspicion of HCC, such as those with symptoms or abnormal blood tests (i.e. levels of alpha fetoprotein and gamma carboxyprothrombin), assessment requires imaging of the liver through CT or MRI scans. Ideally, these scans are performed intravenously at multiple stages of liver perfusion to improve the detection and accurate classification of any liver lesions. Due to the characteristic blood flow pattern of HCC tumors, any specific perfusion pattern detected in liver lesions may ultimately detect HCC tumors. Alternatively, scanning can detect uncertain lesions and further evaluation can be conducted by obtaining biopsies of the lesions.
The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma varies depending on the disease stage, the patient's tolerance to surgery, and the availability of liver transplantation
Treatment objective: For limited diseases, surgical resection of malignant cells may be therapeutic when cancer is confined to one or more areas within the liver. This can be achieved by removing the affected part of the liver (partial hepatectomy) or, in some cases, through in situ liver transplantation of the entire organ.
The intention of "bridging" is that for limited diseases that meet the potential conditions for liver transplantation, patients can receive targeted therapy for some or all known tumors while waiting for the availability of donor organs.
The intention of "downgrading" is to apply to moderate to late stage diseases that have not yet spread beyond the liver but have developed to the point where they do not meet the conditions for curative treatment. The person may receive targeted therapy to reduce the size or number of active tumors, with the aim of being eligible for liver transplantation again after treatment.
Palliative intention: Treatment aimed at reducing disease symptoms and maximizing survival for more advanced diseases, including cancer spread outside the liver or in individuals who may not be able to tolerate surgery.
As hepatitis B and C are some of the main causes of hepatocellular carcinoma, preventing infection is the key to preventing hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, vaccinating children against hepatitis B may reduce their risk of developing cancer in the future. For patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, drug treatment for hepatitis C can reduce the risk of developing HCC. For patients with cirrhosis, alcohol consumption should be avoided. In addition, screening for hemochromatosis may be beneficial for some patients. HCC monitoring is necessary for patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, typically including twice yearly ultrasound examinations with or without alpha fetoprotein laboratory testing. The practicality of HCC monitoring or screening is not yet mature in patients with chronic liver disease without cirrhosis.
| Cat. No. | Product Name | Host | Isotype | Application | |
| DCABH-6246 | Anti-CNDP2 monoclonal antibody, clone FQS24368(C) | Rabbit | IgG | WB | Inquiry |
| DCABH-6575 | Anti-AGXT monoclonal antibody, clone FQS24343 | Rabbit | IgG | WB, IP, IHC-P | Inquiry |
| DCABH-6566 | Anti-AGXT monoclonal antibody, clone FQS24343-60 | Rabbit | IgG | IHC-P, WB, FC | Inquiry |
| DCABH-6985 | Anti-ACCS monoclonal antibody, clone FQS9448 | Rabbit | IgG | WB, IHC-P | Inquiry |
| Cat. No. | Product Name | Size | Species Reactivity | Application | Detection Method | |
| DEIA-NS2307-140 | Mouse Fgl1(Fibrinogen-like protein 1) ELISA Kit | 96T | Mouse | Quantitative | sELISA | Inquiry |
| DEIACL8 | CDSimple 6 4 AFP Chemiluminescent ELISA Kit | 96T, 192T | Human | Quantitative | / | Inquiry |
Loading ......
