H. influenza B; H. influenza Type B; H. influenza; Haemophilus Influenza; Haemophilus Influenza Type B
Purity
≥99%
Format
Liquid
Concentration
Batch dependent - please inquire should you have specific requirements.
Buffer
0.01M PBS, pH7.2
Preservative
None
Storage
Store at 4°C
Stability
2 years
Introduction
Haemophilus influenzae (formerly called Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae) is a Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic pathogenic bacterium belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family. H. influenzae was first described in 1892 by Richard Pfeiffer during an influenza pandemic.
Keywords
H. influenza B; H. influenza Type B; H. influenza; Haemophilus Influenza
Inactivation
Formalin
Citations
Publication ()
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Background
Haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative coccobacillus that can be either encapsulated (typeable) or non-encapsulated (non-typeable). Encapsulated strains are categorized into serotypes "a" through "f" based on their polysaccharide capsule, and they have a higher tendency to cause severe infections. Encapsulated strains, particularly serotype b (Hib), are highly pathogenic and responsible for the majority of invasive diseases, such as meningitis, septic arthritis, bacteremia, facial cellulitis, and epiglottitis. Children between the ages of 3 months and 5 years are more susceptible to Hib meningitis due to their limited ability to produce specific antibodies against the bacterium. Newborns are protected by maternal antibodies, while older children and adults have naturally acquired immunity.
Before the introduction of the Hib vaccine, Hib infections were quite common among young children in the United States, with approximately 1 in 200 developing invasive Hib infections by the age of five, resulting in thousands of cases of Hib meningitis each year. The incidence of Hib meningitis varied across different regions and populations, influenced by factors such as reporting practices, environmental conditions, and ethnic differences. Meningitis caused by Hib can have devastating consequences, and outcomes vary depending on the availability of medical care and the specific causative organism. In developed countries, the reported mortality rate for meningitis in 1993 was 4.5%, while in undeveloped countries, it was 9.1%. Neurological complications, such as mental retardation, spasticity/paresis, seizure disorder, and hearing loss, were observed in varying proportions of patients across different countries. Long-term follow-up studies revealed that a significant percentage of children who had experienced Hib meningitis exhibited behavioral and/or educational disorders.
The introduction of the Hib vaccine has played a crucial role in reducing the incidence of Hib infections and their associated complications. Vaccination programs have significantly decreased the number of cases of invasive Hib diseases, protecting young children from the potentially devastating effects of these infections.
Alternative Names
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Haemophilus influenzae B H. influenza B H. influenza B Antigen Haemophilus influenzae B Antigen
Q: I was wondering what's included in the HiB antigen. Is polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) included in the antigen? Is PRP conjugated to another protein such as diphtheria toxoid?
A: #DAGHIB002 contains complete inactivated HiB. If you need PRP specifically, you can order #DAGL0481 Polyribosyl Ribitol Phosphate.
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References
Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine use and effectiveness
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is an important cause of invasive bacterial disease in children, including meningitis and pneumonia. The introduction of Hib conjugate vaccines into routine vaccination schedules has contributed to a substantial reduction in the burden of Hib-related disease in many developed countries. However, introduction of Hib conjugate vaccines in developing countries has progressed more slowly. We review the worldwide use and effectiveness of Hib conjugate vaccines. At present, 119 countries have programmes for routine Hib immunisation. WHO estimates that in the developed world 92% of the eligible population is vaccinated against Hib; however, average coverage is 42% in developing countries and only 8% in the poorest countries. Africa and southeast Asia have the lowest rates of Hib vaccine introduction. Vaccine costs and debate about the burden of disease are obstacles to the global use of Hib conjugate vaccine. Even with new funding support, there are many ongoing challenges and vaccine use remains suboptimal, particularly in developing countries.
Hib Vaccines: Their Impact on Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease
Haemophilusinfluenzae serotype b (Hib) is an important cause of serious, invasive infections, particularly in young children. Since 1985, a series of vaccines composed of the type b capsular polysaccharide polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP), followed by PRP conjugated to various proteins, have been licensed for use in the United States and worldwide. The conjugated vaccines offer increased immunogenicity and prolonged durability of immune protection compared to the plain PRP vaccine and increasingly are combined with other childhood vaccines for decreased cost and increased ease of vaccination. Hib vaccines have a very favorable safety profile, have been found to be either cost-saving or cost-effective by many public health agencies, and, in most countries, are initiated during early infancy as part of routine childhood immunization programs. As a result of widespread use of the vaccines, the incidence of Hib infections, and their associated morbidity and mortality, has fallen dramatically across the globe. Yet, many children remain unimmunized or underimmunized against Hib, particularly in limited-resource countries. Future efforts to further reduce the disease burden of Hib infections remain a high priority.
COA
Publication 
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