Cloxacillin [HSA-Biotin]

Background: Listeriosis, mostly caused by Listeria monocytogenes species, has become a major concern to public health authorities due to its clinical severity and high mortality rate, particularly in high risk groups. Currently, there is limited information regarding the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of listeria species in ready-to-eat foods of animal origin in Gondar town, Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Listeria species isolated from ready-to-eat food of animal origin from public dinning places in Gondar town, Ethiopia. A cross sectional study on ready-to-eat foods of animal origin sampled from major supermarkets, butcher shops, pastry shops, restaurants and hotels was carried out. Culture, biochemical and sugar tests were conducted for listeria species identification and disc diffusion test was performed to study the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates. Results: Out of 384 food samples examined, 96 (25%) were positive for Listeria species. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in 24 (6.25%) of the samples. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from cake, raw meat, ice cream, minced beef, fish, unpasteurized milk and pizza in that order from higher to lower rate. Assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility profile of L. monocytogenes revealed the presence of four multi-drug resistant isolates. The higher resistance rate was recorded for penicillin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline and chloramphenicol, in decreasing order. All L. monocytogenes identified in the current study were sensitive to amoxicillin, cephalothin, cloxacillin, sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin and vancomycin. Conclusions: The presence of L. monocytogenes including drug resistant and multidrug resistant isolates in some ready-to-eat food items is an indicator of the presence of public health hazards to the consumer, particularly to the high-risk groups. Hence awareness creation on food safety and implementation of regulations about the use of drugs in humans and animals is strongly recommended.

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, coexisting conditions, causative organisms, and outcomes of all adult patients 15 years of age or older who had definite septic arthritis at Hamad General Hospital, Qatar, from 2006 to 2011. During this period, 56 patients were diagnosed with septic arthritis (mean age +/- SD, 49.0 +/- 16.6 years). In 53 of 56 (94.6 %) patients, arthritis was diagnosed in a single joint, while polyarthritis was diagnosed in 3 of 56 (5.4 %) patients; the most commonly involved joint was the knee (40 of 59 joints, 67.7 %). The most frequent coexisting condition was diabetes mellitus (24 of 56 patients, 42.8 %). Joint pain and restriction of movement were reported by all patients. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 36 of all 57 (63.0 %) isolated microorganisms, and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (20 of 57 microorganisms, 35.0 %). Three cases of tuberculous arthritis were seen. The most favored antibiotic combinations were cloxacillin/ciprofloxacin, cefazolin/ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin/ciprofloxacin. Repeated needle aspiration, open joint drainage, and arthroscopic techniques were performed in 18 (32.1 %), 22 (39.3 %), and 11 (19.6 %) of the 56 patients, respectively. The 30-day mortality was 3.6 %, and the remaining patients showed clinical improvement upon discharge. In conclusion, there was no specific sign or symptom for diagnosing septic arthritis. Isolation of bacteria from the synovial fluid confirmed the diagnosis, and S. aureus and streptococci were the most common pathogens isolated. Prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics and synovial drainage are mandatory to improve the outcome.