Carbaryl [OVA]

Active ingredients in residential and agricultural insecticides have changed over time, due in part to regulatory restrictions. Few studies have evaluated how changes in active ingredients have impacted insecticide levels measured in.homes. We measured concentrations of insecticides in one carpet dust sample from each of 434 homes in California from 2001 to 2006. Analytes included four insecticides sold for indoor home use during our study period (carbaryl, cypermethrin, permethrin, and propoxur) and four that are no longer sold for indoor use including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethylene (DDT, removed from the market in 1972), chlordane (1988), chlorpyrifos (2001), and diazinon (2004). We considered other potential determinants of concentrations of insecticides in carpet dust, such as home and garden use, occupational exposure; and nearby agricultural applications. We calculated the percentage change in the concentration of each insecticide per year, adjusting for significant determinants. In adjusted models, concentrations of insecticides in carpet dust decreased for three of four insecticides no longer sold for residential use: chlordane (-15% per year), chlorpyrifos (-31%), diazinon (-48%), and propoxur (-34%), which is currently sold for residential use but with increased restrictions since 1997. Concentrations of other insecticides sold for indoor use (carbaryl, cypermethrin, and permethrin) and DDT did not change over time in our study population.

This paper presented a method for the simultaneous determination of two target analytes, tyrosine (Tyr) and levodopa (Lev), in human plasma matrices using enzyme-induced excitation-emission-kinetic third-order calibration method based on the alternating quadrilinear decomposition (AQLD) algorithm. The work skillfully exploited the oxidation reactions of Tyr and Lev using polyphenol oxidase as a catalyst. A four-way data array was constructed by the kinetic evolutions of excitation emission matrix fluorescence for a group of samples, and followed by the four-way data decomposition. The proposed method could be applied in plasma sample analyses with satisfactory results. The actual concentration of Tyr in human plasma was identified as 8.80 +/- 0.54 mu g mL(-1), but Lev was not found in the presented sample. Using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as reference method, the F-test and t-test suggested that there were no significant differences between these two methods. The satisfactory results indicated that this third-order calibration method has the potential to give accurate quantitative analyses, particularly in complex systems containing unknown spectral interferents and existing serious collinearity problems. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.