{"id":1371,"date":"2021-12-28T00:09:26","date_gmt":"2021-12-28T05:09:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.creative-diagnostics.com\/blog\/?p=1371"},"modified":"2021-12-28T00:11:14","modified_gmt":"2021-12-28T05:11:14","slug":"food-allergen-sensitization-assessment-method-in-vivo-measurement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.creative-diagnostics.com\/blog\/index.php\/food-allergen-sensitization-assessment-method-in-vivo-measurement\/","title":{"rendered":"Food Allergen Sensitization Assessment Method-In Vivo Measurement"},"content":{"rendered":"

Food allergy (food hypersensitivity) is an abnormal reaction of the body’s immune system caused by food.\u00a0More precisely, it is an allergic reaction caused by allergens in food.<\/p>\n

Food allergy has become a global public health problem.\u00a0According to reports, the incidence of allergic reactions in adults is about 3% to 4%, and the incidence in children is as high as 6%.\u00a0At present, there are more than 180 types of allergic foods identified.\u00a0According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization\u2019s report, more than 90% of food allergens are found in milk, eggs, fish, crustacean aquatic products, peanuts, soybeans, nuts and wheat.\u00a0Food allergic reactions are very harmful to the body, which can affect the respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, central nervous system, skin, muscles and bones, etc., and may even cause anaphylactic shock and endanger life.\u00a0At present, allergy research focuses on the sensitization detection of food allergens. In view of the different sensitivity of each individual’s immune response to allergens, the sensitization evaluation of food allergens is of great significance.<\/p>\n

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Figure 1. Time course, pathogenesis, and manifestations of food allergies<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The material basis of food allergies includes food allergens and specific IgE.<\/a>\u00a0According to different evaluation objects, the sensitization evaluation methods of food allergens are divided into two categories: serological methods and cytological methods.\u00a0The serological method is mainly to evaluate the sensitization of the protein according to the binding capacity of IgE in the positive serum.\u00a0The cytological method evaluates the sensitization of immune cells based on the protein stimulated to produce inflammatory mediators.\u00a0According to the different places where the evaluation method is performed, it can be divided into in vivo<\/em> method, in vitro<\/em> method and bioinformatics comparison method.\u00a0This article focuses on methods for evaluating the sensitization of food allergens in the body.<\/p>\n

The in vivo<\/em> method uses a very small amount of food allergens to stimulate the body, and then evaluates the sensitization of food allergens based on whether the body has symptoms of allergic reactions or detecting the level of IgE in the body.\u00a0It mainly includes double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge experiment (DBPCFC), skin experiment (ST) and animal models.<\/p>\n

Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Food Challenge Experiment<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

The double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge experiment (DBPCFC) uses suspicious food to stimulate the patient, and then determines whether the food is allergenic according to the patient’s symptoms.\u00a0This method is considered to be the gold standard for diagnosing food allergies, and it can also be used to determine the threshold of allergenic foods.\u00a0In the absence of an allergic reaction, it is not sufficient to determine an exclusion diet based on the results of IgE detection by serological methods, and the use of DBPCFC to determine food allergens can effectively stop most children’s unnecessary diet exclusion.\u00a0DBPCFC generally needs to be carried out in a hospital or outpatient department.\u00a0It requires medical staff and equipment capable of dealing with severe allergic reactions, and the operation and testing by experienced nursing staff.\u00a0The most important thing in the experiment is to control double-blind, experimental dose and placebo.\u00a0Double-blind control requires that the difference between the tested food and the placebo be eliminated as much as possible, that is, the intermedium can mask the taste, texture and odor of the tested food, which limits the experimental dose, but can minimize the subject’s subjective factors to the experiment The impact of results.\u00a0For most foods, patients, and clinical conditions, it is appropriate to use 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1,000, and 3,000 mg of challenge agents every 20 minutes.\u00a0For liquid and pasty foods, the dosage cannot exceed 250 mL;\u00a0for solid foods, the dosage cannot exceed 125 g.<\/p>\n

Skin Test<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

The skin test is an immunological test by means of the reaction of antigens and antibodies in or on the skin.\u00a0There are two types of skin tests, one is the skin prick test (SPT) and the other is the intradermal test (IDST).\u00a0The sensitivity of SPT is highly consistent with the clinical results, and the specificity is good, but it is not as sensitive as the intradermal experiment.\u00a0SPT generally selects healthy and complete skin on the inside of the forearm or on the back.\u00a0Studies have shown that the back is more suitable for SPT than the inside of the forearm.\u00a0Not all patients are suitable for SPT, such as those with severe urticaria.<\/p>\n

Animal model<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

The goal of this method is to provide a model that can provide useful and reliable information when combined with other relevant data to help make a reasonable evaluation.\u00a0However, there is no animal that can meet all the requirements of an ideal animal model.\u00a0Commonly used animal models are rats, dogs, and pigs.\u00a0When selecting, it is necessary to clarify the operating characteristics, limitations, and reliability in different environments.\u00a0Commonly used mouse species are BALB\/c inbred mice and brown Norwegian mice.\u00a0The advantages of the mouse model are its small size, short reproduction cycle, similar to human immune mechanism, and rich related immunological information;\u00a0its disadvantage is that allergic reactions are complex, and it is difficult to find reliable reaction markers to reflect the potential sensitization of the protein.\u00a0Therefore, it is necessary to detect related serological indicators.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Food allergy (food hypersensitivity) is an abnormal reaction of the body’s immune system caused by food.\u00a0More precisely, it is an allergic reaction caused by allergens in food. Food allergy has become a global public health problem.\u00a0According to reports, the incidence of allergic reactions in adults is about 3% to 4%, and the incidence in children […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59],"tags":[80],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.creative-diagnostics.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1371"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.creative-diagnostics.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.creative-diagnostics.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.creative-diagnostics.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.creative-diagnostics.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1371"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.creative-diagnostics.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1374,"href":"https:\/\/www.creative-diagnostics.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1371\/revisions\/1374"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.creative-diagnostics.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.creative-diagnostics.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.creative-diagnostics.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}