Varicella-Zoster Virus IgM ELISA Kit

Name: Varicella-Zoster Virus IgM ELISA Kit
SKU: DEIA389
Rating: 5 (1 reviews)

Regulatory status: For research use only, not for use in diagnostic procedures.

COA

SDS

Datasheet

Summary

Sample

Serum, plasma or cerebrospinal fluid

Species Reactivity

Human

Detection Method

iELISA

Intended Use

Varicella-Zoster Virus IgM ELISA Kit is quantitative and qualitative tests for detection of human antibodies in serum, plasma or cerebrospinal fluid against Varicella-Zoster Virus. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

General Description

Varicella-Zoster Viruses as well as Herpes-Simplex Viruses, CMV and EBV belong to the group of human Herpes viruses. This highly contagious virus is transmitted by droplet-infection (contaminated aerosols) or by smear-infection (vesicles with contaminated contents, or eschar). Varicella viruses are globally spread. Accumulating seasonal infections during winter and spring periods can be observed in temperate zones. Most pre-school children experience a primary infection, and 95% of adults show seropositivity. Contagion of infected patients starts 1-2 days before the onset of exanthema and ends towards the 7th day after the last efflorescence occurred. Pathogens persist in spinal ganglia and in cases of decreasing immunity they may be reactivated. The incubation period is 2-3 weeks. After a short prodromal period with non-specific symptoms, the primary manifestation of VZV-infection (chickenpox) appears. In general, the course of disease is benign except in cases of immunocompromised or elderly individuals and children younger than 1 year. Bacterial super infections, varicella pneumonia, various CNS-manifestations such as encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, Guillain-Barré-syndrome, Reye-syndrome, myocarditis, glomerulonephritis, inflammation of the gastro intestinal tract and hepatitis are some of the most severe complications resulting from VZV infections. In case of primary infections during pregnancy, diaplacental transmission may lead to congenital varicella syndrome. Infections occurring shortly before and after birth are a severe risk for the child. Reactivation of persisting viruses can lead to cases of herpes zoster (shingles). Most herpes zoster patients suffer from unilateral vesicular eruptions accompanied by severe pain. Post herpetic neuralgia may persist for a long period of time. Severe cases of zoster disease prevalently occur in cases of immunodeficiency. The method of choice for direct virus detection is VZV-polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR). Herpes Zoster may also be diagnosed serologically. For the detection of VZV specific IgM, ELISA is the method of choice. With the Varicella-Zoster Virus IgM ELISA Kit, evaluation of antibody activity is measured in international Units and, therefore, comparison of results from different tests is possible.

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Documents

pdf COA

pdf SDS

pdf Datasheet

Infectious Disease Test Kits and Positive Controls

Reagents for VZV Assay Development and Vaccine Research

QA & Reviews

Customer Reviews

References

Coevolution pays off: Herpesviruses have the license to escape the DNA sensing pathway

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Authors: Stempel, Markus; Chan, Baca; Brinkmann, Melanie M.

Abstract

Early detection of viral invasion by pattern recognition receptors (PRR) is crucial for the induction of a rapid and efficient immune response. Cytosolic DNA sensors are the most recently described class of PRR, and induce transcription of type I interferons (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokines via the key adaptor protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING). Herpesviruses are a family of large DNA viruses widely known for their immense arsenal of proteins dedicated to manipulating and evading host immune responses. Tantamount to the significant role played by DNA sensors and STING in innate immune responses, herpesviruses have in turn evolved a range of mechanisms targeting virtually every step of this key signaling pathway. Strikingly, some herpesviruses also take advantage of this pathway to promote their own replication. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of DNA sensing and subsequent induction of signaling and transcription, and showcase the close adaptation of herpesviruses to their host reflected by the myriad of viral proteins dedicated to modulating this critical innate immune pathway.

Manipulation of the Innate Immune Response by Varicella Zoster Virus

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY

Authors: Gerada, Chelsea; Campbell, Tessa M.; Kennedy, Jarrod J.; McSharry, Brian P.; Steain, Megan; Slobedman, Barry; Abendroth, Allison

Abstract

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). VZV and other members of the herpesvirus family are distinguished by their ability to establish a latent infection, with the potential to reactivate and spread virus to other susceptible individuals. This lifelong relationship continually subjects VZV to the host immune system and as such VZV has evolved a plethora of strategies to evade and manipulate the immune response. This review will focus on our current understanding of the innate anti-viral control mechanisms faced by VZV. We will also discuss the diverse array of strategies employed by VZV to regulate these innate immune responses and highlight new knowledge on the interactions between VZV and human innate immune cells.