Human TXK blocking peptide

The Bmx gene, a member of the Tec family of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases, is expressed in arterial endothelium and in certain hematopoietic and epithelial cells. Previous in vitro studies have implicated Bmx signaling in cell migration and survival and suggested that it contributes to the progression of prostate carcinomas. However, the function of Bmx in normal tissues in vivo is unknown. We show here that Bmx expression is induced in skin keratinocytes during wound healing. To analyze the role of Bmx in epidermal keratinocytes in vivo, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing Bmx in the skin. We show that Bmx overexpression accelerates keratinocyte proliferation and wound reepithelialization. Bmx expression also induces chronic inflammation and angiogenesis in the skin, and gene expression profiling suggests that this occurs via cytokine-mediated recruitment of inflammatory cells. Our studies provide the first data on Bmx function in vivo and form the basis of evaluation of its role in epithelial neoplasia.

Let X-1, X-2, ... be independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables with EXk = 0, VarX(k) = 1. Suppose that phi(t) := log Ee(tXk) < infinity for all t > -sigma(0) and some sigma(0) > 0. Let S-k = X-1 + ... +X-k and S-0 = 0. We are interested in the limiting distribution of the multiscale scan statistic M-n = max (0 <= i 0. In this case, we show that the main contribution to M-n comes from the intervals (i, j) having length l := j - i of order a (log n)(p), a > 0, where p = q/(q - 2) and q is an element of {3, 4,...} is the order of the first non-vanishing cumulant of X-1 (not counting the variance). In the logarithmic case we assume that the function psi(t) := 2 phi(t)/t(2) attains its maximum m(*) > 1 at some unique point t = t(*) is an element of (0, infinity). In this case, we show that the main contribution to M-n comes from the intervals (i, j) of length d(*) log n + a root log n, a is an element of R, where d(*) = 1/phi(t(*)) > 0. In the sublogarithmic case we assume that the tail of X-k is heavier than exp{-x(2-epsilon)}, for some epsilon > 0. In this case, the main contribution to M-n comes from the intervals of length o(log n) and in fact, under regularity assumptions, from the intervals of length 1. In the remaining, fourth case, the X-k's are Gaussian. This case has been studied earlier in the literature. The main contribution comes from intervals of length a log n, a > 0. We argue that our results cover most interesting distributions with light tails. The 'proofs are based on the precise asymptotic estimates for large and moderate deviation probabilities for sums of i.i.d. random variables due to Cramer, Bahadur, Ranga Rao, Petrov and others, and a careful extreme value analysis of the random field of standardized increments by the double sum method. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.