This work demonstrates the application of polythiophene/multi-walled carbon nanotube (PTh/MWCNT) composite as electrode material for rechargeable aluminium battery (RAB) consisting Al plate as negative electrode. Chemical in-situ oxidative synthetic procedure was followed for obtaining PTh/MWCNT composite, which defines one-dimensional morphology of as synthesized mixture, deciphered through FESEM and HRTEM analysis. The polymer's successful nanocomposite formation was confirmed through FTIR analysis and EDS elemental mapping. Further application of PTh/MWCNT as cathode against Al anode in 1.5:1 molar ratio of AlCl3:[EMIm]Cl signify the positive electrochemical behaviour. Cyclic voltammetry of the cells show well-defined redox-peaks, demonstrating the possible chloroaluminate ions doping/dedoping at the active electrode. Galvanostatic charge -discharge analysis of the cell yields high specific capacity of similar to 216mAh/g, retaining similar to 100% coulombic efficiency. The cells have shown excellent reversible cycling over different C-rates. XPS analysis of the cycled PTh/MWCNT electrode shows the existence of multi-polaron state associated with S from thiophene of polymer unit affirming the de/-doping chloroaluminate ions occurred. The positive prospect of PTh in its pristine or composite form defines a promising electrode material that deserves intensive study and further development. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review and outline the similarities and differences in the treatment of athletes compared with that of other populations with a persistent post-traumatic headache after a concussion. Recent Findings After an extensive review of the literature and despite well over 2 million Americans experiencing post-traumatic headache (PTH) each year, a number of which will continue to experience persistent post-traumatic headache (PPTH). There is little evidence on the management of the disorder and essentially no evidence-based research when it comes to the management of athletes. With little evidence available for the treatment of individuals with PPTH, be it athletes or non-athletes, the clinician will need to rely on their experience and the application of existing treatments for migraine and chronic migraine. Clearly, more research is needed, especially with respect to the management of athletes versus non-athletes.