Anti-MET Monoclonal antibody, clone 08 [Biotin]

Cornea tissue is in high demand by tissue donation centres globally, and thus tissue engineering cornea, which is the main topic of corneal translational medicine, can serve as a limitless alternative to a donated human cornea tissue. Tissue engineering aims to produce solutions to the challenges associated with conventional cornea tissue, including transplantation and use of human amniotic membrane (HAM), which have issues with storage and immune rejection in patients. Accordingly, by carefully selecting biomaterials and fabrication methods to produce these therapeutic tissues, the demand for cornea tissue can be met, with an improved healing outcome for recipients with less associated harmful risks. In this review paper, we aim to present the recent advancements in the research and clinical applications of cornea tissue, applications including biomaterial selection, fabrication methods, scaffold structure, cellular response to these scaffolds, and future advancements of these techniques.

Purpose: Spectrally selective fat saturation (FatSat) sequence is commonly used to suppress signal from adipose tissue. Conventional SINC-shaped pulses are sensitive to B-0 off-resonance and (+)(B1) offset. Uniform fat saturation with large spatial coverage is especially challenging for the body and breast MRI. The aim of this study is to develop spectrally selective FatSat pulses that offer more immunity to B-0/B-1(+) field inhomogeneities than SINC pulses and evaluate them in bilateral breast imaging at 3 T. Materials and methods: Optimized composite pulses (OCP) were designed based on the optimal control theory with robustness to a targeted B-0/B-1(+) conditions. OCP pulses also allows flexible flip angles to meet different requirements. Comparisons with the vendor-provided SINC pulses were conducted by numerical simulation and in vivo scans using a 3D T-1-weighted (T(1)w) gradient-echo (GRE) sequence with coverage of the whole-breast. Results: Simulation revealed that OCP pulses yielded almost half of the transition band and much less sensitivity to B-1(+) inhomogeneity compared to SINC pulses with B-0 off-resonance within +/- 200 Hz and B-1(+) scale error within +/- 0.3 (P < 0.001). Across five normal subjects, OCP FatSat pulses produced 25-41% lower residual fat signals (P < 0.05) with 27-36% less spatial variation (P < 0.05) than SINC. Conclusion: In contrast to conventional SINC-shaped pulses, the newly designed OCP FatSat pulses mitigated challenges of wide range of B-0/B-1(+) field inhomogeneities and achieved more uniform fat suppression in bilateral breast T(1)w imaging at 3 T.