Inactivated Trichomonas vaginalis Antigen is confirmed by novisible colonies on permissive plates after 5 days compared to control.
Nature
Native
Tag/Conjugate
Unconjugated
Format
Liquid
Buffer
Sterile distilled water
Preservative
None
Storage
-80°C for long term storage
Introduction
Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic, flagellated protozoan, a form of microorganism. The parasitic microorganism is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, and is the most common pathogenic protozoan infection of humans in industrialized countries. Infection rates between men and women are the same with women showing symptoms while infections in men are usually asymptomatic. Transmission takes place usually directly because the trophozoite does not have a cyst. The WHO has estimated that 160 million cases of infection are acquired annually worldwide. The estimates for North America alone are between 5 and 8 million new infections each year, with an estimated rate of asymptomatic cases as high as 50%. Usually treatment consists of metronidazole and tinidazole.
Keywords
T. vaginalis; Trichomonas vaginalis
Citations
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Background
Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is a parasitic protozoan, approximately 10-20 micrometers long and 2-14 micrometers wide, primarily metabolizing through anaerobic fermentation. It is a single-celled organism with distinctive morphological features: pear-shaped or amoeboid in shape, with four anterior flagella used for movement and attachment. The nucleus is centrally located within the cell, surrounded by a flagella collar that aids in adherence to host tissues. TV primarily spreads through sexual contact and targets mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract. Following infection, it can persist long-term in the host, particularly in women who may remain asymptomatic for months to years. TV infects not only the vaginal, cervical, and urethral tissues in females but also resides in the urethra and prostate in males, reproducing via binary fission.
TV obtains nutrients through two main mechanisms: autophagy and releasing vesicles to host cells, which trigger immune responses and cell apoptosis. The parasite is sensitive to environmental changes, requiring humid conditions for survival, and may form cyst-like structures to enhance its viability. Infection by Trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis, one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted diseases globally. Transmission occurs predominantly through unprotected sexual contact, with higher infection rates observed in females. Many infected individuals are asymptomatic, but symptoms can include increased vaginal discharge, odor, itching, and dysuria. TV infection is associated with increased susceptibility to HIV, and risk of cervical and prostate cancers, and may exacerbate respiratory conditions such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and oral lesions in immunocompromised patients. Epidemiological studies reveal significant global variation in TV infection rates, often due to inadequate monitoring and reporting systems.
Effective detection and management of TV are crucial for disease control. Diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms combined with laboratory testing. Common diagnostic methods include wet mount microscopy, PCR technology, and antigen detection, which accurately confirm TV infection. Treatment typically involves metronidazole and other alkylating agents that inhibit DNA replication to eradicate the parasite. Ensuring patient compliance with treatment is essential for successful management. While most cases respond well to therapy, some individuals experience persistent infections, influenced by the parasite's biology and host immune status. Addressing persistent infections requires comprehensive health education, promoting safe sexual practices, and enhancing personal hygiene.
Alternative Names
Trichomonas vaginalis (native form) Native Trichomonas vaginalis T. vaginalis (Native)
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