Comprehensive investigation of clinicopathologic features, oncogenic driver mutations and immunohistochemical markers in peripheral lung squamous cell carcinoma
JOURNAL OF THORACIC DISEASE
Authors: Zhang, Yang; Zheng, Difan; Li, Yuan; Pan, Yunjian; Sun, Yihua; Chen, Haiquan
Abstract
Background: Although the majority of lung squamous cell carcinomas (SQCC) arise in central airways, the prevalence of peripheral (p) SQCC is increasing. This study aimed to have a comprehensive investigation of clinicopathologic features, status of common driver mutations and immunophenotypes of p-SQCC compared to central (c) SQCC. Methods: A total of 261 p-SQCC were compared to 444 c-SQCC for clinicopathologic characteristics. Comprehensive mutational analysis of EGFR, KRAS, HER2, BRAF, PIK3CA, DDR2, AKT1, ALK, ROS1, RET and FGFRs were performed. TTF1, CK7, Napsin A and PE10 protein expression were analyzed through immunohistochemistry (IHC). TTF1, CK7, CK8, SPA and TP63 gene expression levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Compared to c-SQCC, p-SQCC were associated with female (14.2% vs. 4.5%, P<0.001), never-smokers (22.6% vs. 13.3%, P=0.001), older age at diagnosis (64.9 vs. 59.5 years, P<0.001) and lower pathologic stage (P<0.001). The frequency of EGFR mutations was significantly higher in p-SQCC than c-SQCC (6.2% vs. 2.2%, P=0.040). Positive protein expression of TTF1 (P=0.010) and CK7 (P=0.001) was significantly more prevalent in p-SQCC. p-SQCC had significantly higher gene expression of SPA (P=0.003), whereas c-SQCC showed higher gene expression of TP63 (P=0.028). Conclusions: Lung p-SQCC had distinctive clinicopathologic characteristics and molecular features compared to c-SQCC, but showed some similarity with adenocarcinoma (ADC).
Simulation Methodology of DDR2 Interface with TI Processor and Timing Verification in HyperLynx
PROCEEDINGS OF 2019 16TH INTERNATIONAL BHURBAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY (IBCAST)
Authors: Shah, Syeda Hina
Abstract
This paper discusses about the Pre-layout and Post-layout simulations methodology of DDR2 interface present between TMS3206455 (Microprocessor from Texas Instruments) and MT47H64M16 (DDR2 memory from Micron) of the controller card. Simulations have been performed in HyperLynx software. Simulation models used such as IBIS models, its validation and generated controller timing model for simulation is also discussed. Interface signals are simulated in LineSim which is Pre-layout simulation tool of HyperLynx software. Also described in this paper the constraints of signals which have been developed at the pre layout stage and ensures the proper timing of data, strobe, mask, address, control and command signals. The constraints are then exported to BoardSim which is used for Post-layout simulations. BoardSim Simulation results show the correlation with LineSim results and validate the timing between selected processor and DDR2 memory.