Anti-DDK monoclonal antibody, clone 5D6

Argonaute (AGO) family proteins, which are key components of RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs), associate with both microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs to regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional stages. While high-quality antibodies for AGO proteins are extremely useful for studies on the functions of miRNAs and AGO proteins, they are not always readily available. In this study, we generated a knock-in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line by using homologous recombination to express FLAG-tagged AGO2 from its native genomic locus. FLAG-tagged AGO2 was exploited to analyze AGO2-bound miRNAs in hESCs cultured on a feeder layer by immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, the pluripotency of ESCs allowed for the analysis of miRNAs after differentiation into fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. The genetically modified hESC line generated in this study will be highly useful for studying the functions of miRNA-mediated regulation in human development and cell differentiation.

We successfully constructed a full-length cDNA infectious clone of the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) HB10 strain and obtained a partially attenuated rEMCV-C-9 virus with a shorter poly(C) tract. Our results showed that the length of the EMCV-HB10 poly(C) tract was related to the pathogenicity of the EMCV-HB10 strain in vivo. Using pEMCV-C-9 as the backbone, we constructed the novel viral vector pC(9)-MCS-Delta 2A by inserting a cDNA fragment containing a 127 amino acid deletion in the 2A protein, a primary cleavage cassette, a FLAG tag and a multiple cloning site (MCS) at the junction of VP1 and Delta 2A. Additionally, the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene was cloned into the MCS of pC(9)-MCS-Delta 2A to test its capacity to express foreign proteins. Insertion of the egfp gene did not affect viral replication, and a decrease in EGFP expression was observed within five serial passages. Furthermore, we found that rC(9)-EGFP-Delta 2A was avirulent in vivo, induced neutralizing antibody production and conferred protective immune responses against lethal challenge with EMCV in mice. Taken together, our results demonstrated that we had constructed an attenuated live vector based on an EMCV-HB10 strain with two modified critical virulence factors (the poly(C) tract and 2A protein) that could be used as a candidate live vaccine and a potential live viral vector for foreign antigen delivery.