Claudin 2 ELISA Kit

Name: Claudin 2 ELISA Kit
SKU: DEIA-XYA424
Rating: 5 (1 reviews)

Regulatory status: For research use only, not for use in diagnostic procedures.

COA

SDS

Datasheet

Summary

Sample

cultured cells

Species Reactivity

Human; Mouse

Detection Method

Indirect ELISA

Intended Use

The Claudin 2 Cell-Based ELISA Kit is a convenient, lysate-free, high throughput and sensitive assay kit that can monitor Claudin 2 protein expression profile in cells. The kit can be used for measuring the relative amounts of Claudin 2 in cultured cells as well as screening for the effects that various treatments, inhibitors (ie. siRNA or chemicals), or activators have on Claudin 2.

Contents of Kit

1. 96-Well Cell Culture Clear-Bottom Microplate: 1 plate
2. 10x TBS: 24 mL (10x), Clear
3. Quenching Buffer: 24 mL (1x), Clear
4. Blocking Buffer: 50 mL (1x), Clear
5. 10x Wash Buffer: 50 mL (10x), Clear
6. 100x Anti-Claudin 2 Antibody (Rabbit Polyclonal): 60 μL (100x), Purple
7. 100x Anti-GAPDH Antibody (Mouse Monoclonal): 60 μL (100x), Green
8. HRP-Conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Antibody: 6 mL (1x), Glass
9. HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody: 6 mL (1x), Glass
10. Primary Antibody Diluent: 12 mL (1x), Clear
11. Ready-to-Use Substrate: 12 mL (1x), Brown
12. Stop Solution: 12 mL (1x), Clear
13. Crystal Violet Solution: 6 mL (1x), Glass
14. SDS Solution: 24 mL (1x), Clear
15. Adhesive Plate Seals: 4 seals

Storage

4°C/6 Months

Citations

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Documents

pdf COA

pdf SDS

pdf Datasheet

QA & Reviews

Customer Reviews

References

Polar and charged extracellular residues conserved among barrier-forming claudins contribute to tight junction strand formation

ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Authors: Piontek, Anna; Rossa, Jan; Protze, Jonas; Wolburg, Hartwig; Hempel, Caroline; Guenzel, Dorothee; Krause, Gerd; Piontek, Joerg

Abstract

Claudins (Cldn) form the backbone of tight junction (TJ) strands and thereby regulate paracellular permeability for solutes and water. Polymeric strands are formed by homo- and heterophilic cis- and trans-interactions between claudin protomers. Crystal structures of some claudins have been resolved; however, the mechanism by which claudins assemble into TJ strands remains unclear. To elucidate strand architecture, TJ-like strands were reconstituted in HEK293 cells by claudin transfection. Determinants of prototypic, classic barrier-forming claudins (Cldn1, -3, and -5) involved in strand formation were analyzed by mutagenesis. The capability of claudin constructs to interact in trans and to form strands was investigated by cell contact-enrichment assays and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Residues in extracellular loops 1 and 2 of the claudins affecting strand formation were identified. Using homology modeling and molecular docking, we tested working concepts for the arrangement of claudin protomers within TJ strands. We show that the charge of Lys65 in Cldn1 and Glu158 in Cldn3, but not of Arg30 or Asp145 in Cldn3, and the polarity of Gln56 and Gln62 in Cldn3 and of Gln57 in Cldn5 are necessary for TJ strand formation. These residues are all conserved among barrier-forming classic claudins. The results contribute to mechanistic understanding of claudin-based regulation of paracellular permeability.

Tight Junction Proteins Claudin-3 and Claudin-4 Control Tumor Growth and Metastases

NEOPLASIA

Authors: Shang, Xiying; Lin, Xinjian; Alvarez, Edwin; Manorek, Gerald; Howell, Stephen B.

Abstract

The extent of tight junction (TJ) formation is one of many factors that regulate motility, invasion, and metastasis. Claudins are required for the formation and maintenance of TJs. Claudin-3 (CLDN3) and claudin-4 (CLDN4) are highly expressed in the majority of ovarian cancers. We report here that CLDN3 and CLDN4 each serve to constrain the growth of human 2008 cancer xenografts and limit metastatic potential. Knockdown of CLDN3 increased in vivo growth rate by 2.3-fold and knockdown of CLDN4 by 3.7-fold in the absence of significant change in in vitro growth rate. Both types of tumors exhibited increase in birth rate as measured by Ki67 staining and decrease in death rate as reflected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Knockdown of either claudin did not alter expression of other TJ protein but did reduce TJ formation as measured by transepithelial resistance and paracellular flux of dextran, enhance migration and invasion in in vitro assays, and increase lung colonization following intravenous injection. Knockdown of CLDN3 and CLDN4 increased total lung metastatic burden by 1.7-fold and 2.4-fold, respectively. Loss of either CLDN3 or CLDN4 resulted in down-regulation of E-cadherin mRNA and protein, increased inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta), and activation of beta-catenin pathway signaling as evidenced by increases in nuclear beta-catenin, the dephosphorylated form of the protein, and transcriptional activity of beta-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF). We conclude that both CLDN3 and CLDN4 mediate interactions with other cells in vivo that restrain growth and metastatic potential by sustaining expression of E-cadherin and limiting beta-catenin signaling.