Native C. tetani Tetanus Toxoid Antigen

Name: Native C. tetani Tetanus Toxoid Antigen
SKU: DAG2692
Rating: 5 (1 reviews)

Tetanus toxoid from Clostridium tetani

COA

SDS

Datasheet

Summary

Target

Tetanus Toxoid

Nature

Native

Alternative Names

Tetanus Toxoid; TT; Tetanus

Format

Liquid

Buffer

PBS, pH7.2

Preservative

None

Storage

Store at 2°C to 8°C

Introduction

Tetanus toxoid is derived from the toxin released by Clostridium Tetanis that causes the disease tetanus. It is used as a vaccine to prevent tetanus or to help boost the immune response to other vaccines. A toxoid is a substance that has been treated to destroy its toxic properties but that retains the capacity to stimulate production of antitoxins, used in immunization. Tetanus toxoid is produced by formaldehyde inactivation of pure neuro toxin. Each lot is verified to be non toxic. In addition to being a potent antigen, tetanus toxoid is a useful carrier protein for making polysaccharides and haptens immunogenic.

Keywords

Tetanus toxoid; Clostridium tetani toxoid; Tentoxylysin; TT; tetX; C. tetani tetanus toxoid protein

Citations

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Dual targeting: Combining costimulation blockade and bortezomib to permit kidney transplantation in sensitized recipients

Burghuber CK, Manook M, Ezekian B, Gibby AC, Leopardi FV, Song M, Jenks J, Saccoccio F, Permar S, Farris AB, Iwakoshi NN, Kwun J, Knechtle SJ

Am J Transplant2019 MarPubMed ID: 30102844Read Article

Applications: ELISA

Reactive species: Clostridium tetani

"Abstract: Previous evidence suggests that a homeostatic germinal center (GC) response may limit bortezomib desensitization therapy. We evaluated the combination of costimulation blockade with bortezomib in a sensitized non-human primate kidney transplant model. Sensitized animals were treated with bortezomib, belatacept, and anti-CD40 mAb twice weekly for a month (n = 6) and compared to control animals (n = 7). Desensitization therapy-mediated DSA reductions approached statistical significance (P = .07) and significantly diminished bone marrow PCs, lymph node follicular helper T cells, and memory B cell proliferation. Graft survival was prolonged in the desensitization group (P = .073). All control animals (n = 6) experienced graft loss due to antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) after kidney transplantation, compared to one desensitized animal (1/5). Overall, histological AMR scores were significantly lower in the treatment group (n = 5) compared to control (P = .020). However, CMV disease was common in the desensitized group (3/5). Desensitized animals were sacrificed after long-term follow-up with functioning grafts. Dual targeting of both plasma cells and upstream GC responses successfully prolongs graft survival in a sensitized NHP model despite significant infectious complications and drug toxicity. Further work is planned to dissect underlying mechanisms, and explore safety concerns."

Article snippet: To measure the magnitude of rhesus gB-specific and tetanus toxoid-specific plasma IgG responses, 384-well ELISA plates were coated for 2.5 hours at room temperature or overnight at 4°C with 30 ng RhCMV gB (****) or 30 ng tetanus toxoid (Creative Diagnostics) per well, then were blocked with assay diluent (1× PBS containing 4% whey, 15% normal goat serum, and 0.5% Tween-20).

No changes in the level of anti-gB IgG(C) and the level of anti-TT (tetanus) IgG (D) compared to pretreatment or before sensitization.(Burghuber CK, <i>et al</i>, 2019)

Figure 1. Animals with dual targeting desensitization show increased level of CMV reactivation, CMV nephritis but antibody against CMV or tetanus were not compromised.

Evaluation of immune responses to Tdap booster during pregnancy in women who received whole cell or acellular pertussis vaccines during childhood

Hall, J. M., Caution, K. J., Holt, K. J. A., Gupta, Y. A., Guo, M., Mir, U. Q., Skoff, T. H., Hariri, S., Pan, X., Worly, B., & Dubey, P.

Emerg Microbes Infect2025 DecPubMed ID: 40811865Read Article

Applications: ELISA

Reactive species: C. tetani

"Abstract: Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis (Bp), results in severe morbidity and mortality in infants. Since 2012, the tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (Tdap) booster vaccine is recommended during every pregnancy to protect infants who are too young to be immunized. While infants of whole cell pertussis vaccine (wPV)-primed pregnant individuals are well protected from severe disease, the effectiveness of this strategy has not been assessed in acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV)-primed pregnant women. Our primary objective was to compare the cellular and humoral immune responses following Tdap booster in pregnant participants who received the wPV or aPV as infants. As a secondary objective we compared responses of pregnant women to wPV- and aPV-primed non-pregnant controls. All pertussis and non-pertussis specific serum antibody levels increased post-Tdap booster in aPV- and wPV-primed groups. Antibody avidity was higher in wPV-primed pregnant participants compared to aPV-primed pregnant women before and after Tdap booster. In contrast, antibody opsonic activity remained unchanged in either priming group. Antibody secreting cells specific for all pertussis and non-pertussis antigens increased following booster immunization. Expression of early T cell activation markers OX-40, PD-L1 and CD25 and cytokines IFNγ, IL-17 and IL-4 showed that T cell function was unaffected by Tdap booster and maintained the phenotypes elicited by the childhood priming vaccine. Secondary analysis showed that antibody and T cell responses to Tdap booster were higher in nonpregnant control participants compared to pregnant women, suggesting that responses to Tdap booster were blunted in pregnancy."

Article snippet: Briefly, protein high-binding 96 well plates were coated with 1 µg/ml of aPV antigens FHA (produced by *), PRN (*) PT (*) Diphtheria toxin (DT) (*) and Tetanus toxin (TT) (Creative Diagnostics, catalog #DAG2692) and incubated overnight at 4°C.

Background

Clostridium tetani is a bacterium responsible for causing tetanus, a severe and potentially fatal condition characterized by muscle stiffness and spasms. The bacteria are widely distributed in the environment, particularly in soil and animal feces. Tetanus occurs when the spores of Clostridium tetani enter the body through wounds or cuts, where they germinate and release a potent toxin called Tetanus toxin. The Tetanus toxin is a protein known as tetanospasmin. It acts by targeting the central nervous system, specifically the nerve cells that control muscle contraction. Tetanospasmin blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, leading to uncontrolled muscle contractions and spasms.

To prevent Tetanus infection, a vaccine containing the Tetanus toxoid antigen is administered. The Tetanus toxoid is derived from the tetanospasmin toxin produced by Clostridium tetani. However, the toxoid is modified and treated to eliminate its toxicity while retaining its ability to stimulate an immune response. When the Tetanus toxoid antigen is introduced into the body through vaccination, it triggers the production of specific antibodies that recognize and neutralize the Tetanus toxin. These antibodies provide immunity and protect individuals from the harmful effects of Tetanus if they are exposed to the bacterium in the future. The Tetanus Toxoid antigen is a crucial component of tetanus vaccines, such as the Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vaccine. These vaccines are typically administered as a series of doses along with booster shots to ensure long-term protection against Tetanus.

Alternative Names

C. tetani Tetanus Toxoid (TT)
Clostridium tetani Tetanus Toxoid (TT)
Clostridium tetani Tetanus Toxoid
C. tetani Tetanus Toxoid (TT) Antigen
Clostridium tetani Tetanus Toxoid (TT) Antigen
C. tetani Tetanus Toxoid Antigen
Clostridium tetani Tetanus Toxoid Antigen

Documents

pdf COA

pdf SDS

pdf Datasheet

Reagents for Diphtheria Vaccine Development

Reagents for Pertussis Vaccine Development

Reagents for Tetanus Vaccine Development

Bacterial Toxins

QA & Reviews

Customer Reviews

References

Tetanus toxoid immunization to reduce mortality from neonatal tetanus

International Journal of Epidemiology

Authors: Blencowe H, Lawn J, Vandelaer J, et al.

Abstract

Background: Neonatal tetanus remains an important and preventable cause of neonatal mortality globally. Large reductions in neonatal tetanus deaths have been reported following major increases in the coverage of tetanus toxoid immunization, yet the level of evidence for the mortality effect of tetanus toxoid immunization is surprisingly weak with only two trials considered in a Cochrane review.
Objective: To review the evidence for and estimate the effect on neonatal tetanus mortality of immunization with tetanus toxoid of pregnant women, or women of childbearing age.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of multiple databases. Standardized abstraction forms were used. Individual study quality and the overall quality of evidence were assessed using an adaptation of the GRADE approach. Meta-analyses were performed.
Results: Only one randomised controlled trial (RCT) and one well-controlled cohort study were identified, which met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Immunization of pregnant women or women of childbearing age with at least two doses of tetanus toxoid is estimated to reduce mortality from neonatal tetanus by 94% [95% confidence interval (CI) 80–98%]. Additionally, another RCT with a case definition based on day of death, 3 case–control studies and 1 before-and-after study gave consistent results. Based on the consistency of the mortality data, the very large effect size and that the data are all from low/middle-income countries, the overall quality of the evidence was judged to be moderate.
Conclusion: This review uses a standard approach to provide a transparent estimate of the high impact of tetanus toxoid immunization on neonatal tetanus.

Attenuated immune response to tetanus toxoid in young healthy men protected against tetanus

Vaccine

Authors: Danilova E, Shiryayev A, Kristoffersen E K, et al.

Abstract

Tetanus booster is a routine procedure of tetanus prevention in populations with high risk of injury, independent of the levels of protection. But the immune response in already protected individuals is not well studied. We describe the kinetics of booster response in individuals by measuring tetanus antitoxin levels by indirect ELISA. A 6-month follow up was performed on 60 boosted individuals tested before, 1 week, 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after the booster. High initial protection (mean titer 1.08 IU/ml) and less than 3-fold increase after 1 month were observed. After 1 month of stable antitoxin levels, the levels slowly decreased and reached a mean titer of 1.78 IU/ml after 6 months. Individuals with initial levels <1 IU/ml had booster response after the first month twice as high compared to those with initial level ≥1 IU/ml. However, in both groups, the decline from 1 to 6 months was about 2-fold. Individuals already protected against tetanus exhibited an attenuated, short-lasting booster response to tetanus toxoid. This was more pronounced in individuals with pre-booster levels ≥1 IU/ml, who did not improve immune protection after the booster.