General Description
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) (Bromovirus, Bromoviridae) is one of a number of viruses which are seedborne in a range of temperate pulses and has been found in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Middle East. The virus is seedborne in Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Pisum sativum (field pea) and Vicia faba (faba bean, broad bean, tick bean) (Fortass and Bos, 1992).
BBMV was first described by Bawden et al. (1951) from a severely infected broad bean (Vicia faba) crop in Nottinghamshire, England. Three quarters of the plants displayed leaf symptoms, many were dwarfed and produced few or no flowers. Infected plants were in concentric patches, with the most severely infected in the centre, suggesting the virus was spreading in the crop from randomly distributed initially infected plants. BBMV was then found in a faba bean crop in Cambridge in 1957 but was not found elsewhere despite surveys (Gibbs, 1972). The virus was seen as being of minor importance until reports of its widespread occurrence began to appear in the 1970s and 1980s. BBMV was reported in faba bean crops in Portugal (Borges and Louro, 1974), Sudan (Murant et al. 1974), Morocco (Assou, 1978), and Algeria (Ouffroukh, 1985). Makkouk et al. (1988a) then undertook a regional survey and found BBMV in faba bean crops in Egypt, Morocco, Sudan, Syria and Tunisia. Fortass and Bos (1991) surveyed faba bean crops in Morocco and found that luteoviruses and BBMV were the most prevalent viruses. Fortass and Diallo (1993) surveyed a range of legume crops in Morocco for BBMV and reported natural infection of chickpea, lentil, pea and common bean. They considered that BBMV was an actual threat to a range of food legume crops and improvement programs.
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