A Broadband Frequency Ramp Generator for Very Past Network Analysis based on a Fractional-N Phase Locked Loop
2016 46TH EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE (EUMC)
Authors: Mallach, Malte; Grys, David-Benjamin; Musch, Thomas; Storch, Robert
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a frequency ramp generator for very fast network analysis in the frequency range from 0.4 6Hz to 6 6Hz. Highly linear analog frequency ramps are synthesized at high frequencies (8.4 Wiz to 14 GHz), using a wideband voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) stabilized by a fractional-N phase locked loop (PLL), and are mixed down to the desired frequency hand using a second PLL-stabilized VCO at a constant frequency of 14.4 GHz. In order to achieve a wideband PLL-stabilization, the loop gain variation is reduced by inserting a voltage dependent damping network between the loop filter and the wideband VCO. This leads to an almost constant transient and phase noise performance in the complete frequency range. The overall phase noise at the output of the ramp generator is below -99 dBc/Hz at offset frequencies above 10 kHz. The proposed ramp generator allows for fast and accurate network analysis which is demonstrated by means of measurements with a homodyne prototype system. The sweep time of the system (0.5 ms) is significantly shorter compared to previously published ramp based systems and commercial network analyzers, and allows monitoring of rapidly changing measurement scenarios.
Yohimbine-related Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana corymbosa
NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS
Authors: Nugroho, Alfarius Eko; Moue, Miho; Sasaki, Tadahiro; Shirota, Osamu; Hadi, A. Hamid A.; Morita, Hiroshi
Abstract
Five new yohimbine-type indole alkaloids were isolated from the leaves of Tabernaemontana corymbosa. Their structures were determined on the basis of the WIZ and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy.