Bandwidth optimization and side-lobe levels reduction in PC radar using Legendre orthogonal polynomials
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Authors: Thakur, Ankur; Saini, Davinder Singh
Abstract
Time-bandwidth product (TBP), peak side-lobe level (PSL), integrated side-lobe level (ISL), and relative main-lobe width are considered important performance parameters in pulse compression (PC) radar for the selection of transmitting waveforms. In radar system, linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveforms are popular for transmission. LFM waveforms suffer from the range side-lobes problem which affects accurate detection of the target. This paper describes a new transmitting waveform based on Legendre orthogonal polynomial (LOP) for bandwidth optimization and side-lobe levels reduction in PC radar. PC provides the benefits of long duration pulse for better range resolution and detection. Different order LOPs are examined with varying optimizing parameter (gamma), and the polynomial giving optimum performance is chosen. Further, different windowing methods are added in cascade to decrease the side-lobes but with the limitation of wider relative main-lobe width. Simulation results indicate that the proposed LOP gives better side-lobe reduction than LFM and Chebyshev chaotic sequences. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Revealing the Mechanism of Doping of spiro-MeOTAD via Zn Complexation in the Absence of Oxygen and Light
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
Authors: Saygili, Yasemin; Kim, Hui-Seon; Yang, Bowen; Suo, Jiajia; Munoz-Garcia, Ana B.; Pavone, Michele; Hagfeldt, Anders
Abstract
In this study, a new mechanism for doping of spiro-MeOTAD by Zn(TFSI)(2) is revealed, which is completely different from the mechanism induced by LiTFSI. The oxidation of spiro-MeOTAD is facilitated by complexation between the zinc cation and tert-butylpyridine (tBP) even in the absence of oxygen and light. The lone electron pair of nitrogen in tBP coordinates to the zinc cation, confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy peak at 1637 cm(-1) corresponding to a pyridine ring mode coupled with nitrogen coordinating to zinc as the Lewis site. The doping mechanism is also evidenced by computational calculations. The coordination of zinc to tBP and TFSI- provides a driving force and stabilizes the oxidized spiro-MeOTAD species, showing the most favorable reaction by forming a [Zn(tBP)(3)](+)(TFSI-) complex with a Delta E of -1.52 eV. Our discovery of the mechanism of doping by Zn(TFSI)(2) provides practical insight for the oxidation of spiro-MeOTAD by avoiding ambiguous aging processes in ambient or dry air at the risk of decomposition of other components.