Anti-Salmonella Polyclonal antibody

During fresh apple packing, wash water in the dump tank and flume systems is reused during daily production, resulting in high levels of organic matter in the wash water. This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of sodium acid sulfate (SAS), a Generally Recognized as Safe compound, against Listeria monocytogenes on fresh apples in a water system with high organic load. SAS at 1.0% reduced L. monocytogenes population in water with 1000 ppm chemical oxygen demand (COD) by more than 5.0 Log(10) CFU/ml in 5 min, 2.0-3.0% SAS reduced L. monocytogenes to undetectable levels (10 CFU/ml) within 2 min regardless of organic levels. When applied on apples, a 2-min wash with SAS at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0% reduced L. monocytogenes by similar to 1.3, 1.9, 2.3, and 3.0 Log(10) CFU/apple in clean water, respectively. High organic load in wash water up to 4000 ppm COD had no impact on the bactericidal effect of SAS against L. monocytogenes on fresh apples regardless of SAS concentrations. Shortening the contact time from 2 min to 30 s significantly reduced the antimicrobial efficacy of 25 ppm chlorine and 1.0-2.0% SAS but not that of 3.0% SAS. In addition, SAS at 1.0% demonstrated a better efficacy than 25 ppm chlorine in reducing fruit-to-water cross-contamination regardless of organic matter. SAS also showed a comparable efficacy as 25 ppm chlorine in reducing fruit-to-fruit cross-contamination in water with organic matter. The collective data indicate that SAS, as an envimment-friendly compound, has the potential to be used as an alternative antimicrobial washing aid in dump tank process water intervention in apple packing facilities.

The aim of this work is to evaluate the chemical constituents and potential biological activists of Cunninghamella blakesleeana. Three fatty acids were isolated using column chromatography and identified as palmitic acid (F1), oleic acid (F2) and stearic acid (F3) in addition to other two steroidal compounds; alpha-amyrin (A4), and beta-sitosterol (A5). Using GC, ten fatty acids were detected the major fatty acid obtained was stearic acid (74.61%) while palmitic acid was the second high percentage (10.35%), and the least percentage obtained was arachidic acid (0.07%). C. blakesleeana extract showed in-vitro antimicrobial activities against some microorganisms. The highest activity of C. blakesleeana total extract was reported against Staphylococcus aureus (18.3 +/- 0.03 mm.) followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (15.3 +/- 0.05), while the lowest were for both Candida albicans & Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.7 +/- 0.06 and 5.9. 0 +/- 0.9 mm. respectively). The three isolated compounds (F1-3) showed activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Penicillium expansum, and Salmonella typhimurium only. The highest activity was aganist Staphylococcus aureus (13.0 +/- 0.1 mm.). The highest effect was obtained by compound F3 (stearic acid) (15.0 +/- 0.5 mm.), and compound F1 (oleic acid) (13.0 +/- 0.1 mm.) and F2 (palmitic acid) 11.0 +/- 0.3 mm. The total ethanol extract of the investigated fungus was safe up to 5000 mg kg(-1) and did not produce any significant change in liver and kidney functions after oral administration (400 mg kg(-1)) for 14 consecutive days. The results reported the isolation of some fungal new driving compounds which has been not isolated before from Cunninghamella species in addition to their correlated new biological activities. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.