Anti-SELL polyclonal antibody [Biotin]

Limited information is available to evaluate optimal growth in Toy Poodles. This work aimed at comparing three growth curves, proposing centile charts and developing a model to estimate the adult body weight (BW) in Toy Poodles. A total of 65 puppies (male = 30, female = 35) born in the same breeding centre were used. BW at birth and, weekly BW, for 53 weeks, BW of parents, litter size, type of management, daily activity and neutering were recorded. Forty-six puppies were sold, and their data were reported by the new owners. Three growth curves (i.e. Hawthorne, Brody and Gompertz) were constructed and compared; Linear Mixed Models including demographic characteristics and management habits were built. The BW at birth was 154 +/- 35 g and adult BW was 3208 +/- 860 g. Based on the goodness-of-fit and accuracy indices, Gompertz was the best growth model and was selected to plot centile curves based on sex. Toy Poodles achieved 50% of their adult weight at 11-12 weeks, with an overall growth rate of 11.8%. Adult BW was affected by birth BW (p < .01), sex (p < .05) and mother's BW (p < .01) and their effects varied depending on the age. Extrinsic factors, including litter size, type of management and daily activity were less significant, probably due to the standardised and high-level management of these Toy Poodles. These new and applicable tools for monitoring the growth and predicting adult BW could be useful for veterinarians, breeders and owners for early diagnosis of poor health and welfare.Subject classification codes:companion animals sections

Tanks offer significant flexibility for aquaculture production. When in an optimally operated water reuse configuration, they enable farming of most, if not all species of fish, in geographically mismatched regions, with escapees becoming less consequential. Runoff of used water too can be more readily controlled, and wastes and by-products more easily handled and remediated. Tank-based aquaculture, therefore, augments the sector's environmental compatibility. Another potential benefit of tanks is that they can be manufactured in a wide variety of colors. Most commercial facilities, however, employ a limited palette; most often accepting green, blue and black. Many studies though, indicate that certain species perform better, in terms of growth and feed conversion, when maintained in alternative colored tanks. Different tank colors also impact larval survival, animal health, apparent levels of stress and even level of aggression. Body color too is strongly influenced by background color and this has significance to consumers of food species that are sold skin-on whole/gutted, and the value of ornamentals. The present contribution reviews the effects that tank color may have on various physiological control and behavioral processes in larval and post-larval fishes.