Secretagogin Is a Redox-Responsive Ca2+ Sensor
BIOCHEMISTRY
Authors: Khandelwal, Radhika; Sharma, Anand Kumar; Chadalawada, Swathi; Sharma, Yogendra
Abstract
Secretagogin (SCGN), a multifunctional, Ca2+ binding, regulatory protein, known to regulate insulin release, has recently been implicated in the control of stress-related corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion. Localization of SCGN to multiple intracellular (such as cytosol, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum) and extracellular sites appears to provide multifunctional capabilities; however, the structural elements conferring such a widespread cellular distribution to SCGN remain unidentified. We report that the spatial and functional attributes of SCGN plausibly originate from the interplay between Ca2+ and its redox state. The mutation of selective Cys residues provides further insights into the origin and mode of redox responsiveness. In the reducing milieu, SCGN exhibits a higher affinity for Ca2+, and more stability than in the oxidizing environment, suggesting it is a redox-responsive Ca2+ sensor protein, which is further supported by its response to dithiothreitol (reducing stress) in MIN6 cells. Our data provide a biophysical and biochemical explanation for the diverse localization of SCGN in the cellular scenario and beyond the cell.
Calcium-binding protein, secretagogin, characterizes novel groups of interneurons in the rat striatum
NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
Authors: Kosaka, Toshio; Yasuda, Seiko; Kosaka, Katsuko
Abstract
In the rat striatum numerous secretagogin (SCGN) positive neurons were scattered. They were heterogeneous in their morphological and chemical properties. We examined the colocalization of SCGN with known four interneUron markers, parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and choline acetyl transferase (ChAT). 60-70% of SCGN positive striatal neurons contained either PV or CR or ChAT, but none contained NOS. On the other hand the remaining 30-40% expressed none of these markers, most of which were GAD positive. The present study indicates that there are hitherto unknown groups of striatal interneurons in the rat striatum. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.