Anti-PPIA polyclonal antibody

The mRNA expression of heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) and heat-shock cognate 70 (HSC70) was examined in cardiac chambers and telencephalon of warm- (21 degrees C) and cold-acclimated (5 degrees C) turtles (Trachemys scripta) exposed to normoxia, prolonged anoxia or anoxia followed by reoxygenation. Additionally, the suitability of total RNA as well as mRNA from beta-actin, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and cyclophilin A (PPIA) for normalizing gene expression data was assessed, as compared to the use of an external RNA control. Measurements of HSP90 and HSC70 mRNA expression revealed that anoxia and reoxygenation have tissue- and gene-specific effects. By and large, the alterations support previous investigations on HSP protein abundance in the anoxic turtle heart and brain, as well as the hypothesized roles of HSP90 and HSC70 during stress and non-stress conditions. However, more prominent was a substantially increased HSP90 and HSC70 mRNA expression in the cardiac chambers with cold acclimation. The finding provides support for the notion that cold temperature induces a number of adaptations in tissues of anoxia-tolerant vertebrates that precondition them for winter anoxia. beta-actin, GAPDH and PPIA mRNA expression and total RNA also varied with oxygenation state and acclimation temperature in a tissue- and gene-specific manner, as well as among tissue types, thus disqualifying them as suitable for real-time RT-PCR normalization. Thus, the present data highlights the advantages of normalizing real-time RT-PCR data to an external RNA control, an approach that also allows inter-tissue and potentially inter-species comparisons of target gene expression. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The syntheses and crystal structures of three new coordination polymers of the type [Ag(PPIA) center dot H2O](n) (PPIA = 3-pyridinepropionic acid) (1), [Cu(PPIA)(2) center dot 2H(2)O](n) (2), and [Zn(PPIA)(2)(H2O)(2)](n) (3), are reported. The reactions of 3-pyridinepropionic acid with AgNO3, Cu(NO3)(2) center dot 6H(2)O and Zn(NO3)(2) center dot 6H(2)O in MeOH afforded complexes 1-3, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography structure determinations show that complexes 1, 2 and 3 crystallize in the space groups P (1) over bar, Pbea and P2(1)/n, respectively. The Ag(I) centers in 1 adopt a slightly distorted T-shaped geometry, while the Cu(II) centers in 2 exhibit a distorted square planer coordination geometry and the Zn(II) centers in 3 adopt a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The metal centers in 1-3 coordinate to both the pyridyl and carboxylate groups to form one-dimensional polymeric chains and two-dimensional framework structures, respectively. Interestingly, the one-dimensional chain complex of 1 or the two-dimensional frameworks of 2 and 3 are also linked to form three-dimensional networks through hydrogen bonds. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.