Anti-PLAU polyclonal antibody [Biotin]

Although protein kinase D3 (PKD3) has been shown to contribute to prostate cancer cell growth and survival, the role of PKD in prostate cancer cell motility remains unclear. Here, we show that PKD2 and PKD3 promote nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) signaling and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) expression/activation, which are crucial for prostate cancer cell invasion. Silencing of endogenous PKD2 and/or PKD3 markedly decreased prostate cancer cell migration and invasion, reduced uPA and uPA receptor (uPAR) expression and increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) expression. These results were further substantiated by the finding that PKD2 and PKD3 promoted the activity of uPA and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Furthermore, depletion of PKD2 and/or PKD3 decreased the level of binding of the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B to the promoter of the gene encoding uPA (PLAU), suppressing transcriptional activation of uPA. Endogenous PKD2 and PKD3 interacted with inhibitor of NF-kappa B (I kappa B) kinase beta (IKK beta); PKD2 mainly regulated the phosphorylated IKK (pIKK)-phosphorylated IkB (pI kappa B)-I kappa B degradation cascade, p65 nuclear translocation, and phosphorylation of Ser276 on p65, whereas PKD3 was responsible for the phosphorylation of Ser536 on p65. Conversely, inhibition of uPA transactivation by PKD3 silencing was rescued by constitutive Ser536 p65 phosphorylation, and reduced tumor cell invasion resulting from PKD2 or PKD3 silencing was rescued by ectopic expression of p65. Interestingly, PKD3 interacted with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), suppressing HDAC1 expression and decreasing its binding to the uPA promoter. Moreover, depletion of HDAC1 resulted in recovery of uPA transactivation in PKD3-knockdown cells. Taken together, these data suggest that PKD2 and PKD3 coordinate to promote prostate cancer cell invasion through p65 NF-kappa B- nd HDAC1-mediated expression and activation of uPA.

Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent form of dementia in the elderly. A non-conservative polymorphism in the urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene (PLAU_1=RS2227564) has been analyzed, but data are conflicting on whether it is a risk factor for AD. To clarify whether this genetic variant modifies AD risk in the Italian population, we ran a case-control association study on 192 AD and 126 age-matched controls. We did not find any association between PLAU_1 genotype and AD in the whole AD population, but when we stratified our sample by APOE-epsilon 4 status, we found a significant association between PLAU_1 genotype (C/T+T/T) and APOE-e4 negative AD subjects (p=0.02, chi(2)-test). The PLAU_1 genotype did not appear to affect the plasma A(342 concentration. Our data support a role for PLAU_1 as an independent genetic risk factor for AD in the Italian population for those subjects who do not have the APOE-epsilon 4 allele. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.